助动词have/has可和前面的主语缩略为’ve,’s.如they’ve,we’ve,he’s,it’s;you’vehas
not=hasn’thavenot=haven’t过去分词的变化1、一般动词，在词尾加+edwork,plan
t,call2.以字母e结尾的动词，词尾加+dlive,change,like,love,agree,sa
vehate,move,arrive,skate,hope,use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母
的双写辅音字母＋ed.如：plan,stop,drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel4.以辅音
字母＋y，结尾，变y为i＋edtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,worry,copy1
.肯定句:现在完成时2017.11.24春天还会远吗?willitstillbe
farinspring?冬天已经来了,Winterhasalreadycome,现在完成时态Winter
hasalreadycome.现在完成时的构成形式havedone
has助动词过去分词主语+have/has(助动词）+过去分词+(其他）。2.否定句:主语+have/has+no
t+过去分词+(其他）。3.一般疑问句Have/has+主语+过去分词?Yes,主语+have/ha
s.No,主语+have/hasn’t.用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作
或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也
就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说
我现在不饿现在完成时的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglish
since2001.--从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢nowpastfuture一般过去
时现在完成时现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响Theyh
aveleft.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.和现在完成时连用的时间状语Mea
ningExamplealready已经Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.yet还（未）
Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.never从不，从没Ihaveneverre
adthisstory.ever曾经Haveyoueverwatchedthisfilm?recently
最近WehavenotseenNancyrecently.just刚刚HehasjustseenNanc
y.for+时间段…时间ShelearnedEnglishfornineyears.since+时间点自从…
Ihavenoteatenanythingsince9a.m.inthepast…在过去的…Hehas
changedalotinthepastthreeyears.1.Mr.BlackleftChinain
1990.Mr.Black______________________Chinasince1990.2.Thehe
rodiedfiveyearsago.Thehero__________________forfiveyea
rs.3.Themeetingbegantwominutesago.Themeeting___________
______fortwominutes.4.Weborrowedtwobookslastweek.We__
_____________thetwobooksforaweek.5.SallyjoinedtheLeagu
etwoyearsago.Sally_______________theLeaguefortwoyears.
hasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadhasbeenonhavekepthasbee
nin延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live
,rain等。瞬间性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,bu
y,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,o
pen,,start,stop等。瞬间性的动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续性动词与瞬间性动词??
since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.Ihavelivedher
esinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949
.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for
二、用since和for填空1.____twoyears2.____twoyearsa
go3.___lastmonth4.___19995.___yesterday
6.__4o’clock7__4hours8.___anhourago9._
__wewerechildren10.__lunchtime11.___shelefthere12.
HehaslivedinNanjing__theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownh
im__wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese__t
hreeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity__abouttenyear
s.16.It’sabouttenyears__sheleftthecity.瞬间性动词例如come,go,
leave等，不和表示延续性的时间状语连用，例如fortwohours或者是sincelastmonth。如果我们想用它们
来表达延续性的状态，就要把他们转化成对应的延续性动词。VerbUsedforacontinuousstateExa
mplebuyhave/hashadHehashadthewatchforovertwoyears.bo
rrowhave/haskeptShehaskeptthisbookfortwoweeks.arrive
have/hasbeenin/atKittyhasbeeninNanjingforamonth.leave
have/hasbeenawayShehasbeenawayfromhomefortenyears.joi
nhave/hasbeenin/amemberofSimonhasbeenamemberoftheF
ootballClubsincelastyear.diehave/hasbeendeadThefishhas
beendeadfortwodays.getmarriedhave/hasbeenmarriedTheyh
avebeenmarriedformorethantwentyyears.come/gohave/hasbee
nin/atMycousinhasbeeninBeijingforamonth.begin/startha
ve/hasbeenonThemeetinghasbeenonforhalfanhour.stophav
e/hasbeenoverTheconferencehasbeenoversincelastSunday.
Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/
since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.
---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbike
amonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4
.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresi
ncethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.
---Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2y
earsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.
Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________
for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---
Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranh
ourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hej
oinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____fora
year.---He____________thearmyforayear.-
--It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化He
died10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/sin
ce10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---
Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamo
nthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hear
rivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethre
edaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---
Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.
---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbeg
an30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes
.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbe
enopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.
---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmy
lastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.
---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayear
sincehejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)Hehasgoneto
Shanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较hav
e/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShangha
ilastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已
经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海Hehas
beentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShangha
ifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海没有离开呢]HelivedinShangha
ifor10years.以前他在上海住过10年[现在不在上海了]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别
练习1.IlikeGuilin.I___theretwice.A.goB.wentC
.havegoneD.havebeen此题中的twice（两次）表示经历，要用现在完成时，因此选D。2.——
Where”sLiLei?——He___Beijing.A.goestoB.wenttoC.has
gonetoD.hasbeento此题的语境是李雷不在说话的地方，因此要选C。3.Hewentto
Torontotwoyearsago,sohe___Torontofortwotears.A.hasbe
entoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasgone题目有fortwoyears
这一个段时间，而havebeento和havegoneto都不能和段时间连用，因此选Chasbeenin。
现在完成时与一般过去时的比较?1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为
过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发
生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常
与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yes
terday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,
justnow,…
--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,
never,just,yet,till/until,
uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…
--模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yest
erday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tomhaswritt
enalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealetterto
hisparentslastnight.3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,
teach,learn,work,study,
know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,bec
ome,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheL
eaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)Shehasbeeninthe
Leagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延
续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreey
earsago).(是团员的状态可持续)家庭作业一、选择填空(??????)1.Jim''sb
eentotheGreatwallbefore,__________he?(A)isn''t??????????(B
)wasn''t????????(C)hasn''t?????????(D)doesn''t(?????)2.She''snev
erbeentoEngland,?_______she?(A)has?????(B)hasn''t????????(C
)isn''t???????(D)is(????)2.___________hasHanmeibeenintheli
brary.(A)Howlong???(B)Howsoon?????(C)Howfar??(D)Howoften
(????)3.Howlong___he______thelibrarybook.(A)has,borrow??
?(B)has,kept??(C)has,bought????(D)did,buy(??????)4.MrGre
enisn''tintheoffice,He__________tothelibrary(A)has?gone
???????(B)went?????(C)has?been??????(D)will??go(?????)5.Mr
smith_______toTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek(A)has??bee
n???????(B)has?visited??????(C)has?sent???????(D)has???gone
(????)6.They_________Chinafortwoyears?(A)have?been?to???
????(B)have?been?in(c)have?gone?to???????(D)have?come?to
?二、句型转换1.Hehasneversurfed,__________(改成反意疑问句）???2.Theyhavebeenheresince?2000.?(对划线部分提问)?????__________havetheybeenhere?3.Theoldman_________lastyear.He________forayear.(die)4.Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(改写句子，句意不变)??Thisfactory_________fortwentyyears.5.MissGaoleftanhourago.?（同上）MissGao___________an__________hourago.6.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.（同上）?_________twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.7.Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.（同上）Nihao``rrereytr90eredsfwfkjkhfjehfjhj |
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