③主动表被动:want(需要)need (需要)require(需要)Sth.+ +doingbeworth (值得) 使用动名词作宾语时,用主动形式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作宾语时,依然用被动形式 表达被动含义①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③ Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout ).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)d)动词“like,love,hate ,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时,只 跟不定式。例如:Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon .我喜欢游泳,但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么? Stop;forget;try;Mean;goon;OthersExamples五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词/名词所有格+动 名词在句中作主语:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry .Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyread ingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragemen ttous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词 +动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime. Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.Idon’t mindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smokin g.分词:Participles一分词的概述1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式,它有两种形式:现在分词(Pre sentParticiple)和过去分词(PastParticiple)。2.现在分词:doing过去分词:规 则动词V+ed不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、 定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别:1.语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动Doyouknowthew omantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomea doctor.2.时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成Developingcountryboilingwater Developedcountryboiledwater二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修 饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。(1)前置定语Heisapromisingyoun gman.??Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.??Weonlysel lusedbooks.??我们只卖用过的书。(2)后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJo hnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.??现在分词作定语表示动作。 如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthn eedsrepairing.??上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。(3)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句 。如:Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishi ngtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.???)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man,?whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.) 由于被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,alm ostlosthismemory.(4)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和完成,只表完成。如:theque stiondiscussedyesterday?昨天讨论的问题??(既表示被动也表示完成)thefallenleave s?落下的树叶??(只表示完成,不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如:Shewastoofr ightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.?? 你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,f ind,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。I heardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundthe boysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。A)Iheardmybrother(singing,sung) inthenextroomB)Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEngli sh.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/see n)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory. (Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeaut iful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying .3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istood bythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.?Hearingthebadnews,t heycouldn’thelpcrying.WhentheyheardthebadnewsGiven moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyh adbeengivenmoreattentionBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgo tosleep.BecausehewassoangryTheycameintotheclassroom, singingandlaughing.andtheyweresinginglaughingToserveth epeoplewell,Istudyhard.Inordertoservet hepeoplewell判断下列句子正误:1.TolearnEnglishwell,a lotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thec ityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gett ingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.判断句子正误并改正:1,Being ill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togettherein time,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Ican’t usethecup.将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语:1.Becauseshewasmoved bythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbyth ehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findi ngthedoorlocked,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldge tthereontime.togetthereontime将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Notknow ingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom, Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewas verysad.4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman. 5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.6. Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.不定式时态、语态的用法 1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进 行时,用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHei ssaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时Hei ssaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.T hegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight 不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态Sheas kedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)Thebookissaidtohavebee ntranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeask edtospeakhere(主语)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系,也还要用主动语态1 ,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“ Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+e asy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortab le+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficultto teach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Therea sonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中,主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Therei snothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisno thingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisno thingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingt obeseen看不见有什么东西分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形 式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatscho ol.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvi tedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词 与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的,要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemany carsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlook smorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(fo llow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)fol lowingfollowed如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时,要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepai red,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.Thehousebeingbuilt nowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene, Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.Task: completethefollowingsentences1.“____________(你有衣服要洗吗)?them aidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),Tomwasforbiddentowatch TV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter .4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficult mathsproblem____________________(很难算出).6.Shewasangryfor__ ________________(没有被邀请)totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothest ore_________________(没人看到)8.Theflat_________________(出租)9.The manwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责)10.Theywer eproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作)11.Whentheteachercam ein,Tom_________________(假装再看书)12.NiPingissaid___________ _________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书)13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在 写一本叫“月子”的书)14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbui ldings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautif ul.16._________________(他有很多活要干).Don’tbotherhim.17.__________ _______(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.Doyouhaveanyclothesto bewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNotha vingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavin gbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbe ensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewritten abookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths ”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,Hehasa lotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone分词的时态和语态构成(以st udy和go为例)gonestudied一般式过去分词havinggoinghavingbeenstud iedhavingstudied完成式goingbeingstudiedstudying一般式现在分词 主动语态被动语态主动语态不及物动词及物动词及物与不及物动词 语态时态 类别被动式:beingdone表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.Thebuildingbeingre pairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimp ortant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeing putup.完成式:havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Havingturned offtheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingre ceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.独立主 格结构一般来说,分词或分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候,分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的,它有自 己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构(IndependentGenitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,we coulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingw asclosed.1.独立主格结构的形式:(1)名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappeari ng,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewal kingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.(2)名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good -byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodpla n.(3)名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswi mming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated. (4)名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepol icewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdoneto comeoutnextmonth.(5)名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)ove r,welefttheroom.(6)名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,book inhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.非谓语动词讲解No nfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词:概述:2.非谓语动词: 在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词 的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandb agonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonher seat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表 语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeac tiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语 、状语等.4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.5.Iwantt oseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.H eisthemantoseeyou.9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttose eyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou(作主语)(作宾语)(作宾补)(作表语 )(作定语)(作原因状语)(作目的状语)(作结果状语)12.Swimmingishisfavouritespor t.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver. 15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingi ntheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.( 作主语)(作宾语)(作宾补)(作表语)(作状语)(作定语)动词不定式(TheInfinitive)一.动词不定式 的基本构成:由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式:todosth否定式:n ottodosth.被动式:tobedone完成式:tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作 用法动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todo thatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAll youhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolive in.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnotto eatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作 主语不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthere intimeisyourfault.注:常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。句型1:It +谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2:It’s+ n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoym ent__spendourholidayinthemountains句型3:Itisadj.for/ofs b.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsb todosth(是形容人的品质的)(是形容事物的性质的)Itiseasyformetofinishth isworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentat yourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehel p.It''simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.=You areverykindtogivemesomehelp.=youareimpolitetospeak totheteacherlikethat.常见动词有:口诀:想要决定同意,希望许诺选择want,decide, hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语Iwanttok nowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine, refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget ,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’t expecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted____(get) onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)ap rofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4. Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenti es.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.B.常跟疑问词+不定式作 宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,lear n,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtusho wtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.I hopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon''tknowhowtogetthere. Ihaven''tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.beginstartcontinue+ tododoing注意下列动词①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoin g③rememberforgetregret+tododoing④trymeanstopgoon+ tododoing1.Boys,don''tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyoule avetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose 2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigr ock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember _______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.t urningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻 辑上的主谓关系)1.Mother?told?me?___?come?back?before?10?o’clock.2. I’ll?get?someone?___?repair?the?recorder?for?you.3.What?cause d?him?___?change?his?mind?4.I?wish?you?___?come?as?soon?as?poss ible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhimadviseallowaskb egcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwish?ob ligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todo seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoin gdonemakelethavesb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlis tenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet2).I?often?hear?them?(s ing)?this?song.Did?you?notice?anyone?(come?)in??I?would?have? him?(wait)?for?me?for?a?long?time.Look?at?the?horse?jump.注意 :?当这类动词转为被动语态时,?其后的不定式则要加上“?to”?如:Heisoftenheard________th esong·?He?was?seen?_______?the?room.tosingto?enter4.it作形式 宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.Ifind/feelitinte restingtoworkwithhim.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语 之后,而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/ n+todosth.1.We?thought?___?better?___?start?early.2.Do?yo u?consider?___?better?not?__?go?3.?I?feel?__?my?duty?__?change?a ll?that.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__im possible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句 子完整、正确。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers. 2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevenin g.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewa smade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intoth esmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Tellthe boy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don'' tlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry5.?Ihav esomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhave anythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtod ay?(区别主被动)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothe re.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不 及物动词时,须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.1.Theho useisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobel ivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmet heknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit?C .cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomething importanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper(写上 )4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopen (写)towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语 注意:?如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:Heislookingforaroomtolivei n.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I cameheretoseeyou.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.Heh urriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youw ouldlikehim.(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)动名词(gerund)一.动名词的基本构成havi ngbeendonehavingdone完成式beingdonedoing一般式被动语态主动语态二.动名 词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon ’tmindmysayingit.2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainstha vingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语 ①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledg e.nouseno goodnofun②It`s+ashame +doingawasteof time/moneyuseless dangerous ③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying. ②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`s job.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftim ecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthem atter.2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的这类动词有:避免错过(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind注:在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止),permit(允许)等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。prefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn''thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons. |
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