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被动语态 一. 语态是什么？语态有几种？ 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 二. 何时使用被动语态？ ①不知道谁是动作的执行者 ②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时 ③只需强调动作的承受者时 三. 构成： 主语 +be + vt. p.p. + （by + 执行者）. （及物动词的过去分词） 四. 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 主动句：The people built the Great Wall long time ago. 被动句：The Great Wall was built (by the people) long time ago. 主动语态变为被动语态 1.主语+谓语+宾语. eg: （1）They held a meeting yesterday. (主动句) →_____________________________________________(改为被动句) （2）He sang a song. (主动句) →_____________________________________________(改为被动句) 2. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾. （双宾语） 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 ◆ 注意：以下接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。常见的双宾语动词如 give, offer, pass, show, lend, send 用介词to; buy, make , mend, cook, sing, get用for. give sb sth →__________________________ show sb sth→__________________________ buy sb sth→__________________________ cook sb sth→__________________________ （1）He gave me a book. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) （2）My father bought me a new bike. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) （3）I am passing him a pen. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) （4）Lucy will lend me her bike tomorrow. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) 3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语. 在主动句中,使役动词、感官动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的不定式，变被动语态时，必须还原to. make sb do sth →___________________________ see sb do sth →___________________________ hear sb do sth →___________________________ notice sb do sth →___________________________ 但是，see/hear/notice sb doing sth 变为被动结构时不需要加to。 see sb doing sth →___________________________ hear sb doing sth →___________________________ notice sb doing sth →___________________________ （1）The boss made the workers work all day. →____________________________________ （2）We heard him sing in his room just now. →____________________________________ （3）We heard him singing in his room when we passed by. →____________________________________ （4）I saw the boy play football after school. →____________________________________ （5）My mother made me do my homework after dinner. →____________________________________ 【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即“be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。”。例如: They saw her enter the meeting room just now.(刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。) →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now· 三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1、lock, open, read, sell, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。 （1）The book is sold out, because it sells well. （2）The pen is written by me and it writes well. （3）The bike______________ by me and it _______________. （4）The cloth _______________．这布很耐洗。( wash ) （5）The door _______________. 这门锁不上。( lock ) The door _______________．这门打不开。(open) The window _______________．这窗关不上。(shut) 考点突破 考点1考查及物动词的被动语态 1..(北京中考)A new hospital _______ in my town next year. A .builds B. built C. is built D. will be built 2.(矜南中考)The Spring Festival________ in January or February. A .celebrate B. was celebrated C. celebrated D. celebrated 3.(安顺中考)一Wow! You have a ticket to the Expo! 一It_______ by my uncle·He 15 working in Shanghai· A.has bought B. had bought C·is bought D·was bought 4.(巴中中考)English_____ widely all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. are spoken 考点2 考查情态动词的被动语态 5.(沪州中考)The dictionary may _______ for three weeks.. A.keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed 6、(咸宁中考)-Food safety is very important. ---So some rules _______ to stop people from polluting food. A.must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made 7·(衡阳中考)Teenagers ________ allowed to drive. A.Shouldn’t be B. should be not C. not should be 考点3 考查及物动词短语的被动语态 8..(鄂州中考)—The meeting ______ because of the smog in Northern China last week. A. put out B. was put out C. put off D. was put off 9.(哈尔滨中考)On June 11th，2013，Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _______ into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch. A·sent up B. are sent up C. was sent up 四、没有被动语态的几种情况 1. 所有不及物动词（vi.)和短语不能用于被动语态中。 appear, die ,disappear , end , fail, happen, sit, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. come out , run out, e.g.：① A traffic accident ____________(happen) just now. ② Great changes ___________________ in China recently. (take place) ③ The tiger ____________ in the forest.( disappear) ④ The book ____________( come out) last week. The book ____________( publish) last week. They _____________(publish) the book last week. ⑤ Our dream ____________(come)true in the future. We____________(realise) our dream in the future. Our dream__________________(realise) in the future. 2. 系动词没有被动语态 ① be动词 ② 感官动词+ adj look, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste e.g. It smells terrible. The silk feels soft. The music __________ (sound) beautiful. The cake__________(taste) delicious. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. The leaves of the trees turn yellow in autumn. ④ 保持/似乎，好像：keep, stay /seem，appear e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. She seems/appears happy. 5.被动语态的时态（被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化） 1：一般现在时 ： am /is /are +过去分词 eg：English is spoken by Englishmen 2：一般过去时： eg：The machines were made in China 3：一般将来时： eg：A sports meeting will be held in our school tomorrow 4：现在完成时： eg：The work has been done by them 5：现在进行时： eg：A new school is being built in our village 6：过去进行时： eg：My TV set was being mended at that time 7：过去完成时： eg：when I arrived at theater I found tickets had been sold out 6.情态动词的被动语态 1：含情态动词的被动语态：(情态动词+be+及物动词-ed) can /may /must /should /could /might +be +done eg: He may be sent away from school. 2:感官动词的被动语态（主动表被动） taste/ feel /sound/ look/ smell eg: the medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 3:write ;read; sell; keep; prove; weigh; number; drink; wear; pay; wash; open等词常用主动表被动，尤其有well；easily时 eg：the book sells well. the dress washes better 4：不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen/ last/ rise/ sink/ fall） 课堂练习 1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _____ ______ _____ Lucy. 2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers _______ _______ ____ Uncle Wang every day. 3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? ______ the bridge ________ in 1998? 4.When did Lu Xun write these books? When _____these books _______ ____ Lu Xun? 5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm. Apples ________ ________ on the farm. 6.They didn't clean the classroom yesterday. The classroom _______ ________ yesterday. 7.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _____ _____ _____ all by yourself. 8.We must plant more trees. More trees _____ _____ ________. 9. They will hold the sports meeting tomorrow. The sports meeting ______ _____ ______ tomorrow. 10. The lifesaver has saved more than twenty lives. More than twenty lives ______ _____ ______ by the lifesavers. 1.—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him? —No problem！I think he ________ to think twice before starting. A．should be told B．can tell C．should tell D．can be telling 2.Children should ________ to be honest from a young age. A．educate B．be educated C．punish D．be punished 3.—There aren't any libraries in our town，are there? —No，but it is said one ________ next year. A．will be built B．is built C．will build 4.The sport of basketball________by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. A．play B．played C．is played 5.When I called the bus service，I________that there was no more bus. A．was telling B．was told C．has told 6.A new club________in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A．starts B．is started C．was started 7.The first Earth Day________in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．was celebrated 8.Alice________some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Green's. A．gave B．was given C．gives 9.The task________in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest. A．was finished B．will be finished C．has been finished 10.I'm sure that stricter rules________to control smoking very soon. A．made B．will make C．will be made 7、The boy with short hair ______ Little Tiger by his parents. A．calls B．called C．is calling D．is called 2、When I traveled in Thailand, I bought a ring. It __________ silver. A．was made in B．was made by C．was made of D．was made from 3、This pair of shoes ________ my mother’s hands, and it _______ very comfortable . A．is made with; is felt B．are made from; is felt C．are made of; feels D．is made by; feels 4、—The music_______ by Tan Dun sounds_______. — Yes,many of us are fond of it. A．was written ;wonderful B．written;wonderful C．was written;wonderfully D．written;wonderfully 5、Many trees and flowers ______ in our city every year. A. planted B. were planted C. are planted 6、Now more and more old pelope live alone and feel lonely. Yes. they should by us. A．be taken care B．looked after C．be cared D．be cared for 7、We a lot of places of interest since Monday. A．will visit B．visited C．have visited D．are visiting 8、The shorts __________ of cotton. A．made B．is made C．making D．are made 9、—How delicious these bananas are. —Yeah. They ______ here from Hainan yesterday. A．are brought B．brought C．were brought D．have brought 10、I think the mountains will ______with trees in a few years’ time. A．are covered B．be covered C．be covering D．be cover 11、Much more attention should ________ when we take exams. A．pay to B．be paid to C．pay D．be paid 12、— I feel very happy that I _________ to be the host . — Congratulations . A．choose B．am chosen C．was chosen D．have chosen 13、—Do you like reading books? —Yes. Each of us ________ to do more reading in and after class. A．are encouraged B．encourage C．is encouraged D．is encouraging 14、A lot of money __________ at the charity show, but the cost of living __________ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help the disabled people. A．was raised; has risen B．was raised; were raised C．rose; has risen D．rose; were raised 15、The little boy sing in his room last night. A．heard to B．is heard to C．was heard D．was heard to |
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