英语口语语法和书面语法不大一样,是学习者容易忽视和感到困惑的地方。一起来看看下面五个语法要点吧。 1 口语中的句子结构 It's difficult, the exam. 非正式口语中的语法在某些方面与书面语法不同。 句子通常不那么复杂,使用的连词种类更少,也更简单。
正式的书面语: While the hotel was of quite a high standard, the food was disappointing. 非正式的口语: The hotel was quite good, but the food was disappointing.
信息经常可以分开,以一条一条的形式呈现——句子并非总是遵循主语—谓语—宾语的语序。 The woman across the road, her brother, well, I was talking to him, and he said… They work very hard, the students. 2 省略句子开头 Must dash. 在非正式口语中,经常省略非重读的句子开头。 省略的主要是冠词、物主代词、人称代词、助动词和be动词、指示词和引导性的there is句型。 Car’s running badly. (=The car’s…) Shoelace is undone. (=My shoelace…) Forgotten the umbrella again. (=He’s forgotten…) You talking to me? (=Are you talking…?) She ready? (=Is she ready?) Must dash. (=I must dash.) Won’t work. (=It won’t work) Be four pounds fifty. (=That’ll be…) No reason to panic. (= There’s no reason…) 3 省略助动词后的词语 'Get up!' 'I am!' 在非正式口语中,经常只用助动词,而不重复较长的表达。 —Get up! —I am. (=I am getting up.) He said he’d write to me, but he hasn’t. (=…he hasn’t written to me.) —Talk louder. —I would if I could, but I can’t. 如果没有可重复的助动词,则用 do。 She said she would phone, and she did. 4 附加疑问句 It's cold, isn't it? 在口语或非正式书面语中,附加疑问句(question tag)常用于句尾,用于确认某事是否属实,或征求对方同意。 You haven’t seen Joe, have you? This tea isn’t very nice, is it? 否定的附加疑问句通常用缩写形式,如 isn’t it(通常不说 is it not?)。 在附加疑问句中,am I not 的缩写形式是 aren’t I。
Nice day, isn’t it? I’m late, aren’t I? 5 答语疑问句 Did you? 答语疑问句(reply question)的构成为助动词+代词(与附加疑问句类似),表达关注、兴趣或惊奇。
—We had a lovely holiday. —Did you? —Yes, we went… —John likes that girl next door. —Oh, does he? —It was a terrible party. —Was it? —Yes,… 用否定的答语疑问句来回答肯定句,表示加强赞同的语气。 —It was a lovely concert. —Yes, wasn’t it! I did enjoy it. —She’s lost a lot of weight. —Yes, hasn’t she? 以上内容整理自《牛津英语语法教程》,一套“有声有色”的语法书。 全彩印刷,图文并茂,编排设计独具匠心; 配套听力练习光盘,帮助提高听力和口语; 英国权威语法名家精心编写,从练习到使用,助您讲好、写好英语。 讲解简明扼要,便于记忆; 例证简单地道,说明用法; 语法点生动醒目,另学习过程不再枯燥。 语料类型丰富,语段、文章、诗歌、名人名言、漫画等; 数以百计的专项练习,帮助理解掌握; 配套牛津大学的海量英语学习网络资源; 分初级、中级、高级三个英语学习级别: 初级:适合初级英语学习者; 中级:特别针对中学生,尤其高中学生; 高级:适合大学生,尤其是非英语专业的大学生,以及英语程度较好的中学生。 |
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来自: smiller2016 > 《201810111011》