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2018年湖南省长沙市中考英语试题 Ⅱ. 知识运用（两部分，共20小题，计20分） 第一节 语法填空 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。（共10小题，每题1分, 计10分） 21. --The weather report says it’s going to have a shower this afternoon. --It does? We’d better _____ now, just in case. A. to leave B. leaving C. leave 解析 C 考查固定用法。had better do sth,意为“最好做某事”。故选C 22. --Is the man over there Adam? --It _____ be him. He has gone to Hong Kong on vacation. A. must B. can’t C. mustn’t 解析 B 考查情态动表推测。后文提到Adam去香港度假了，所以当前这个人不可能他。must “一定”，表示肯定推测；can’t “不可能”，表示否定推测；mustn’t “禁止，不许”，不表示推测。故选B 23. --Do the twins look the same? --No. Jane is _____ taller than Claire. A. little B. more C. a little 解析 C 考查副词辨析。修饰形容词的比较级taller，可修饰比较级的词有much, a lot, far, a little, a bit, even。故选C 24. -- How many apples can I have? --You can have two. _____ are for Jim. A. The others B. Others C. The other 解析 A 考查代词辨析。句意为：我可以吃几个苹果?你可以吃两个(苹果)，剩下的(苹果)是给Jim的。the others特指某范围内的 其他的(人或物)，相当于the other+名词复数；others泛指“其他的人或物”，相当于other +名词；the other表示“两者中的另一个”。根据句意可知，此处指这些苹果中剩下的，表特指。故选A 25. You mustn’t drive a car on the road _____ you get a driver’s license. A. unless B. if C. since 解析 A 考查连词辨析。句意为：除非你有驾驶证，否则你不许开车上路。unless 意为“除非”，符合句意；if意为“如果”；since意为“自从”，均与句意不符。故选A 26. --Mom, I bought us two tickets to the 2018 World Cup in Russia. --Really? _____ pleasant surprise! A. How B. What C. What a 解析 C 考查感叹句。surprise 意为“意想不到(或突然)的事，令人惊奇的事(或消息)”，是可数名词，应用感叹句结构：What a/an+形容词+单数名词！故选C 27. British physicist Stephen Hawking, who _____ as the “smartest man alive”, passed away in England on March 14, 2018. A. praised B. was praised C. will be praised 解析 B 考查动词的时态和语态。“March 14, 2018”是过去的时间，应用一般过去时；且动词praise 与宾语从句的主语“who”(指代'Stephen Hawking')之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选B 28. As long as the whole of our society _____ trying, we will make our skies blue again. A. keeps B. will keep C. kept 解析 A 考查动词的时态。as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句，主句用的是一般将来时，根据“主将从现”原则，从句应用一般现在时表示将来。故选A 29. Kids, I hope you’ll remember the good old days _____ we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye. A. who B. what C. which 解析 C 考查定语从句。句意为：孩子们，尽管到了说再见的时候了，但我希望你们将记得我们在初中一起度过的美好的日子。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是days，指物，且在从句中作spent的宾语，应用which或者that引导该从句。故选C 30. --Does anybody want to share _____ on Father’s Day? --Guess what? I’ll write a poem for my dad. A. when will you shop B. what you will do C. where you will go 解析 B考查宾语从句。share是及物动词，后缺宾语。从选项可知空格处是一个宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除A项；根据答语可知，问句应是询问要做的事。故选B 第二节 词语填空 通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案（共10小题，共10分） When I was fifteen years old, I became very interested in shopping. After a while being just a buyer, I wanted to 31 something. I had many things that I no longer needed at home. I knew with the help of my father I could make money. So for months and months I 32 myself by selling things on my dad’s bank account(账户). On July 18th, 2015, I made my own account and began to start my own 33 . Things were going great and then I realized that selling things around the house wasn’t 34 for me, so I decided to expand(拓展) my business by running a re-sale shop. I went around to the yard sales and bought things at low prices and sold them at 35 prices to make money. Last October, I went to a yard sale that was a little bit different. A lady had many nice things to sell. I went up to her and had a 36 with her. Through the communication, I knew she was jobless at that moment and needed money to feed her family. I thought I could do it better and more quickly for her. So I made a decision to help her out. She looked at me for a while and then said 37 . After that I took away some of her things and over the next month I made ￥1,500 for her! When I gave her the money, she broke down into tears(眼泪) 38 . I have never felt so 39 to help someone in my life. I know my skills could be used to help those in need and that even one small act of kindness could 40 . 31. A. buy B. sell C. produce 32. A. annoyed B. enjoyed C. punished 33. A. business B. holiday C. education 34. A. familiar B. helpful C. enough 35. A. higher B. lower C. half 36. A. competition B. fight C. conversation 37. A. no B. yes C. sorry 38. A. peacefully B. regretfully C. thankfully 39. A. worried B. stressed C. pleased 40. A. make a difference B. make a mess C. make a mistake 解析 31.B 考查动词复现。 根据下文的『make money』和32空后的『by selling things』可知，“我”想卖些东西。buy“买”，sell“卖”，produce“生产”。故选B 32.B 考查逻辑。 根据前文『“我”想卖东西，而且在爸爸的帮助下能够卖东西赚钱』，所以“我”通过卖东西而玩得很开心，enjoy oneself“玩得开心”。故选B. 33.A 考查名词辨析。 根据前文『“我”在爸爸的账户上卖东西』，还有下文『“我”决定拓展“我”的生意』，可知“我”创建了自己的账户开始自己的生意。business “生意”， holiday “假期”，education“教育”。故选A 34.C 考查逻辑。 根据后文『“我”决定拓展生意』可知，“我”意识到卖堆在家里的东西对“我”来说还不够。familiar“熟悉的”，helpful“有帮助的”，enough“足够的”。故选C 35.A 考查逻辑。 根据前文『“我”去跳蚤市场以低价购买物品』和后文『to make money』可知，“我”以更高的价格卖出去赚钱。higher “更高的”。故选A 36.C 考查近义词复现。 根据下一句『Through the communication』中的communication“沟通，交流”可知，“我”走向她并跟她聊了起来。competition“竞赛”，fight “战斗”，conversation “交谈”。故选C 37.B 考查逻辑。 根据下文『“我”拿走她的一些东西卖了钱给她』可知，她同意了我的想法。yes“是，好”，表示肯定的回答。故选B 38.C 考查副词辨析。 根据上文『“我”帮助她赚了1500块』可知，她感激地流下泪水。peacefully “平静地”，regretfully“后梅地”，thankfully“感激地”。故选C 39.C 考查形容词辨析。 根据上文『“我”帮助被人的经历』可知，帮助别人让“我”觉得很开心。pleased“开心的”，worried“担心的”，stressed“紧张的”。故选C 40.A 考查动词短语辨析。 根据全文可知，即使是一个小小的善举也能产生很大的影响。make a difference“起作用，有影响”， make a mess“搞得一团槽”，make a mistake“犯错”。故选A Ⅲ. 阅读技能（四部分，共24小题，计48分） 第一节 图表理解 阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。（共5小题，计10分） A  41. The ticket price includes the following EXCEPT _____. A. drinks B. snacks C. free Wi--Fi 42. From the poster(海报) above, we can know that _____. A. the event ends at 10 p.m. B. the event is just for the best players C. the ticket online is cheaper than that at the door 解析 41.A 细节题。 根据倒数第二、三行Free W-Fi and snacks provided和Drinks not included in the ticket price可知，门票价格包括W-Fi和小吃，不包括饮料。故选A 42.C细节题。 根据倒数第四、五行Tickets部分的内容可知，在网上买票要6美元。在现场买票要7美元。由此可推知。网上的票价比现场的票价便宜。故选C B  43. According to the chart(图表), how old is Jonathan this year? A. 17. B. 27. C. 37. 44. Where did Jonathan receive his high school education? A. In London. B. In New York. C. In Sydney. 45. The chart tells us that _____. A. Jonathan hasn’t got any work experience B. Jonathan knows two languages and loves life C. Jonathan can be contacted through WeChat messages 解析 43.A 细节题。 根据表格第二行Date of birth部分可知，Jonathan于2001 年出生，今年是2018年，所以Jonathan今年17岁。故选A 44.C 细节题。 根据表格第五行Education部分中Grcenfield High School, Sydney, Australia可 知，Jonathan在悉尼上高中。故选C 45.B 细节题。 根据表格第最后两行Languages部分和Skills and interests部分可知，Jonathan会两门语言，且热爱生活。故选B
第二节 短文理解 阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。（共10小题，计20分） A  After wandering(闲逛) around in the city for a long time, Tom finally found himself standing in front of the palace. He looked through its golden gate, hoping to take a look at a real prince(王子). There were some guards(卫兵) standing at both sides of the gate. Tom, dressed badly, was moving nervously past them when he suddenly caught sight of a well-dressed boy who was followed by several servants. He was no doubt the prince! Tom was excited. He wanted to get close to the prince and have a good look at him. However, a guard saw him and stopped him rudely(粗鲁地). The young prince, whose name was Edward, was angry with the guard for his rudeness. He asked the guard to open the gate and took Tom to his room in the palace. The two boys became good friends. They even exchanged their clothes after Tom told Edward that he had dreamt about dressing like a prince. As they stood side by side in front of a great mirror, they were surprised to find that they looked almost like twins! The two boys were in each other’s clothes when Edward suddenly noticed a bruise(淤伤) on Tom’s hand. He soon realized that it was caused by the guard who had stopped Tom rudely. In a moment, the young prince ran out of the room. He decided to punish the guard. However, the guard didn’t realize that the prince was in Tom’s old worn clothes. He hit Edward heavily on the ear and threw him out of the palace. 46. Why did Tom look through the gate of the palace? A. To talk with the guard. B. To ask for a place to live in. C. To have a look at a real prince. 47. How did Tom feel while moving past the guards? A. Nervous. B. Excited. C. Proud. 48. When Tom was stopped, Edward got mad because of _____. A. the bad manners of Tom B. the strict rules of the palace C. the rude behavior of the guard 49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Edward and Tom were twin brothers. B. Edward was kind, caring and friendly. C. Edward was tired of living in the palace. 50. We can infer(推断) from the passage that _____. A. blood is thicker than water B. two heads are better than one C. never judge people by their looks 解析 46.C 细节题。 根据第一段第二句He looked through its golden gate, hoping to take a look at a real prince(王子)可知，Tom想看看真正的王子是什么样子。故选C 47.A 细节题。 根据第二段第二句Tom, dressed badly, was moving nervously past them可知，从卫兵身边经过时，Tom感到紧张，故选A 48.C 细节题。 根据第四段第一句The young prince, whose name was Edward, was angry with the guard for his rudeness可知，王子因为卫兵的粗鲁行为而生气。故选C 49.B 细节题。 根据第五段最后一句As they stood side by side in front of great mirror, they were surprised to find that they looked almost like twins可知，Tom与Edward 看起来很像双胞胎，但并不是真正的双胞胎，因此A项错误。文章并未提到Edward庆倦宫殿生话，因此C项错误。Edward王子因卫兵的粗鲁行为而生气，与Tom成为朋友并惩罚士兵，说明Edward王子是一个善良友好的人。故选B 50.C 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的卫兵把穿着Tom的衣服的Edward王子当作Tom，并把他扔出宫殿，可知本文旨在告诉我们不要以貌取人，故选C B  Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. African elephants live in family groups called herds(群). All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch(族长). A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100belephants. The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to keep them safe from coming danger. Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants, and also learn from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old. Elephants live to be 50 or 60 years old. Elephants are smart animals with long memories. In the dry season, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river. Elephants talk to each other with rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so low and deep that people are unable to hear them. Elephants hear sounds not only with their ears, but also with their feet, and even trunks(long noses of the elephants). They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mothers beat their ears to call their babies to them. Other animals don’t usually attack(攻击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, the adult elephants circle around the baby elephants. The adults make louder sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd. She beats her ears out to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her herd and attacks the enemy(敌人) in a big cloud of dust(灰尘). 51. According to Paragraph(段落) One, an elephant herd _____. A. has a father elephant as the leader B. owns a matriarch who keeps it away from danger C. always has several leaders and hundreds of elephants 52. Long memories help elephants to _____. A. choose their matriarch B. communicate with each other C. find water and cross the river 53. What does the underlined word “rumbling” mean？ A. 低沉的 B. 尖细的 C. 高亢的 54. Why do the adult elephants circle around their babies? A. To keep their babies safe. B. To welcome their friends. C. To attack their enemies. 55. The passage mainly tells us about _____. A. why the elephants live in herds B. what the elephants’ living habits are C. how the elephants avoid being attacked 解析 51.B 细节题。 根据第一段第四句The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant和第一段最后一句The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to keep them safe from coming danger可知，一个象群有一个族长，她够使象群远离危险。故选B 52.C 细节题。 根据第二段最后四句Elephants are smart animals with long memories. In the dry season, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river可知，拥有长久的记忆可以帮助大象找到水，并安全渡河。故选C 53.A 词义推测题。 根据第三段第二句Some rumbling sounds are so low and deep that people are unable to hear them可知，大象的交谈声很低又深沉。rumbling应意为“低沉的”。故选A 54.A 细节题。 根据最后段第二、三句However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, the adult elephants circle around the baby elephants.可知，大象把小象围起来是为了保护小象。故选A 55.B 主旨题。 文章主要介绍了大象的群居生活，大象的长久记忆，大象的交流方式，以及大象如何保护小象和抵御外敌。这些都是大象的生活习性，故选B 第三节 语篇补全 阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共4小题，计8分）  A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, while a bad memory as something that cannot be changed. In fact, there is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. Here are some tips(贴士) for you. ◆56. _____ We all remember the things we are interested in, and always forget the ones that bore us. This explains the reason why schoolboys remember football results easily but struggle(挣扎) with dates from their history lessons! Develop an active interest in what you want to remember. One way to make yourself more interested is to ask questions--the more, the better! ◆ Repeat things in chunks(块). Repeating things in chunks is the best way to remember things for a short time, for example, remembering a phone number for a few seconds. 57. _____ The following numbers would be impossible for most of us to remember: 1492178919318483. But look at them in 'groups' or 'chunks' repeatedly, and it becomes much easier: 1492 1789 19318483. ◆Invent a story. To remember long lists, try inventing a story which includes all the things you want to remember. In experiments, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this way. When they were tested later, they could remember about 90% of them. 58. _____ ◆Take physical exercise. Physical exercise is important for your memory, because it increases your heart rate(心率) and sends more oxygen(氧气) to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. 59. _____ As we know, too much pressure is very bad for the memory.  解析 56.A 本题是要求选一个标题，根据另外三个已知的标题都是祈使句的形式，可知第一个标题也应该是祈使句，故选A 57.E 本段采用记电话号码的例子解释如何通过“重复”来提高记忆，而且后文的But look at them in “groups” or “chunks” repeatedly中的group与选项中的grouping对应，故选E 58.C 前一句说明了一个实验结果—用该方法让人们记住了90%的单词，这个结果与C选项的The test result对应，故选C 59.B 本段主要介绍通过体育运动的方法来提高记忆力，对应B选项中的exercise，故选B 第四节 阅读表达 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题（共5小题，计10分）  In Hebei, there is a small village called Yeli. Through the village, you can see green trees along the riverbank. However, you can hardly imagine that, about 16 years ago, this area was covered with rocks and weeds(杂草). The big change is all because of years of hard work by two best friends: Jia Haixia, who is blind, and Jia Wenqi, who has no arms. The two friends decided to plant trees to make a living back in 2002. Although both are disabled, they learned to work together by becoming each other’s eyes and hands. With little money to buy young trees, they had to collect and plant cuttings(插枝，插条). Every morning, they went to the riverbank together. Jia Wenqi walked in the front and Jia Haixia followed him by holding one of his friends empty sleeves(衣袖). After they arrived at the riverbank, Jia Haixia would climb on his friend’s shoulders to get cuttings and Jia Wenqi would tell him which cuttings were the best. After that, they dug holes on the ground and watered the cuttings together. They planted 800 trees in the first year, but only two survived(存活). They didn’t give up. Instead, they continued to plant more in the next few years. The riverbank is now home to over ten thousand trees. Today, the two friends no longer need to make a living by planting trees, but they have no plans to stop. They aim to plant as many trees as possible in the area so as to protect the village from flooding(洪水) and to improve the local environment. 60. Where did the story take place? 61. Could people see many green trees there 16years ago? 62. How did these two disabled men work together? (No more than 12words) 63. How many trees are there along the riverbank nowadays? 64. What’s the purpose of their planting trees now? 解析 60. In Yeli, Hebei. 61. No. 62. They worked together by becoming each other’s eyes and hands. 63. Over ten thousand. 64. To protect the village from flooding and to improve the local environment. Ⅳ. 写作技能（三部分，共11小题，共32分） 第一节 语篇翻译 阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。（共5小题，计10分）  People have been trying to find out if homework is good or bad for school children, and they have different opinions. 65. Some people think that homework is an important part of learning for students. They believe it not only enables children to practice what they have learned in class, but also helps improve their handwriting. They also say that homework helps teach children how to work on their own. 66. Also, it’s a skill which is useful to them in future life. Others disagree, though. 67. 他们认为家庭作业给孩子们太多的压力. And the time spent on homework could have been used to do other activities like reading and playing sports. To back up their opinion, they give the example of Finland(芬兰). 68. 在芬兰, 学生几乎没什么作业. But the country remains one of the most educationally successful countries in the world. Here is my point of view(观点) on this matter. 69. Whether the homework is good or bad depends on the purpose of it. If there is no clear reason for giving homework, the students won’t get anything from doing it, so it should not be set. However, I still believe that homework can really help with children’s learning, if teachers clearly tell them why they should do the homework and let them know how they have done in their homework. 解析 65. 一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分。 66. 而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能。 67. They think homework put too much stress on children. 68. In Finland, students have little homework. 69. 家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的。 第二节 情景交际 通读下面的对话，根据上下文补全对话内容（共5小题，计10分） A: Hey, Emily, how’s it going? B: 70 . You know what? I’ve made some progress in English, and I got an “A” in the last exam. A: Wow, good for you! Your efforts finally paid off. 71 ? B: Well, I just listened to the teacher carefully in class. Besides, reading English newspapers and novels helped me a lot. A: No wonder grammar is just a piece of cake for you now. B: Anyhow, I still have a long way to go. By the way. I called you at nine o’clock last night, but you didn’t answer. 72 ? A: Oh, terribly sorry. I was watching the movie Amazing China. 73 ? B: Yes, I have. Amazing China really shows us how amazing China is! All the Chinese people are proud of our country. A: I can’t agree more. I’d like to watch more movies like that after the big exam in June. But now I have to go all out for the exam. B: You are right. Study comes first. Good luck, my friend. A: 74 . The same to you! 解析 70. Pretty good 71. How did you make such progress 72. What were you doing 73. Have you ever watched it 74. Thank you 第三节 书面表达（计12分） 75. 假如你是李华，于4月13日星期五这一天参加了学校组织的郊游活动. 请你以 school trip 为主题，写一则英文日记，内容包括参加活动的人员、集合时间、郊游地点、交通方式、活动内容以及个人感受等. 要求： （1）80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）日记中不得出现真实的人名和校名. Friday, April 13th It was sunny today. We went on a school trip. . 好啦，今天的试卷解析就此结束了！ 简单10分钟 掌握最新、最热、最火的英语知识动态 每周不同的新知识、新干货 与你在这里相遇 想及时获取下期我们分享的内容吗？ 赶快订阅“干货姐”吧！ 英语学习有那么多技巧，你不进来学几招再走么？  |
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