 小马库斯·吉拉特
南安普顿伯爵夫人伊丽莎白·里奥谢思利肖像
Portrait of Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of
Southampton 英国肯特利兹城堡
人物介绍
Elizabeth Wriothesley (née Vernon), Countess of Southampton
(11 January 1572 – 23 November 1655) was one of the chief
ladies-in-waiting to Elizabeth I of England in the later years of
her reign.Elizabeth Vernon was the granddaughter of George Vernon
(d. 1555), and the daughter of John Vernon (d.1592) of Hodnet,
Shropshire, by Elizabeth Devereux (c.1541-c.1583) the daughter of
Sir Richard Devereux (d. 13 October 1547) of Weobley by his wife,
Dorothy Hastings, daughter of George Hastings, 1st Earl of
Huntingdon (1487–1544).[2] She was the sister of Sir Robert Vernon,
Comptroller of the Household to Queen Elizabeth I, and of Susan
Vernon, second wife of Sir Walter Leveson, and a first cousin of
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.On 30 August 1598 Elizabeth
married Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, who has been
suggested as the dedicatee of Shakespeare's sonnets. The marriage
occurred after Elizabeth discovered she was pregnant. Upon
discovering this, the Queen had both Elizabeth and her husband
locked in Fleet Prison and, after their release, the pair were
never again received into her favour.A German professor of English,
Hildegard Hammerschmidt-Hummel, has proposed a theory, mainly based
on an apocryphal sonnet that she claims was written by William
Shakespeare, and evidence from portraits, that Elizabeth
Wriothesley was a lover of the poet. Her eldest daughter Penelope
is, according to this theory, a child of Shakespeare. The author
stresses that in this way, Lady Diana Spencer would be a descendant
of William Shakespeare.[3] Questions have been raised about this
theory, namely why the Earl of Southampton would have risked
certain royal displeasure from the Queen by marrying Elizabeth if
she was pregnant with somebody else's illegitimate child.
参考译文
伊丽莎白·里奥谢思利（姓
弗农），南安普敦伯爵（1572-1655）在英国女王伊丽莎白一世在其统治后期的其中一位女主人。伊丽莎白·弗农是乔治·弗农（1555年）的孙女，也是约瑟夫·弗农的女儿（1592年），希尔顿郡霍比特的女儿，伊丽莎白·德弗罗（c.1541-c.1583），理查德德弗罗爵士的女儿（d.1592）的韦布利由他的妻子，多萝西黑斯廷斯，女儿乔治·黑斯廷斯，亨廷顿的第1伯爵（1487年至1544年）。她的姐妹罗伯特·弗农爵士，住户的审计长向女王伊丽莎白一世，和苏珊·弗农的第二任妻子的瓦尔特·莱维森爵士，和的堂兄罗伯特·德弗罗，埃塞克斯郡的第2伯爵。1598年8月30日，伊丽莎白与南安普敦第三伯爵亨利·威里斯特利结婚，后者被认为是莎士比亚十四行诗的奉献者。结婚发生在伊丽莎白发现自己怀孕后。在发现这一点后，女王将伊丽莎白和她的丈夫都锁定在舰队监狱，并在释放后，这对夫妇再也没有受到她的青睐。的德国教授英语，希尔德加德哈默施密特-胡梅尔，提出了一个理论，主要是基于一个杜撰的十四行诗，她声称的作者是莎士比亚，从肖像和证据推测，伊丽莎白里奥谢思利是诗人的情人。根据这一理论，她的大女儿佩内洛普是莎士比亚的一个孩子。作者强调，通过这种方式，戴安娜斯宾塞夫人将成为威廉莎士比亚的后裔。对这一理论提出了一些问题，即如果南安普顿伯爵怀有其他人的非婚生子女，就会冒失望女王的某些皇室不满。
画家简介
小马库斯·吉拉特（Marcus Gheeraerts the
Younger，亦作Gerards或Geerards，1561-1636）是16-17世纪欧洲著名宫廷画家。出生于布鲁日，父亲老马库斯·吉拉特（Marcus
Gheeraerts the
Elder）也是著名画家。小时候被父亲带到英格兰，后进入都铎宫廷工作，成为伊丽莎白一世统治的最后十年最有名的时尚肖像画家，也是詹姆斯一世和丹麦女王安妮最喜欢的肖像画家。虽然他作为版画家在欧洲很有名，但几乎找不到他的作品记载。不知道年轻的马库斯是受过谁训练，很可能是他的父亲，但他也可能是卢卡斯·海尔
(Lucas de Heere，1534-1584) 的学生。
吉拉特是最早在画布而不是木板上绘画的英国艺术家之一。从1590年左右开始，他在英国肖像画中引领了一场“革命”。他在英国宫廷绘画中引入了一种新的美学，通过新的方法密切观察和捕捉模特的本质特征，并使用深沉的颜色和背景表现绘画对象的性格。他通过色调和阴影实现逼真的形象，成为第一位以三维方式进行创作的英国艺术家。
（阴山工作室综合整理编写）
作品资料
Artist Attributed to Marcus Gheeraerts the
Younger
English: Portrait of Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of
Southampton (née Vernon)
Date between 1590 and 1600
Medium painting
Current location Leeds Castle, Kent, United Kingdom
相关文献
Burke, John; Burke, John Bernard (1891). A Genealogical and
Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England,
Ireland and Scotland (2nd ed.). London: Scott, Webster and Geary.
p. 546. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
Keen, Alan; Lubbock, Roger (1954). The Annotator. London:
Putnam. p. 216. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Howell, A. (2004). "Devereux, Walter, first Viscount Hereford
(c. 1489–1558)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online
ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7567.
(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
阴山工作室
本文图片及外文资料均来自维基百科，局部细节图片及中文资料系阴山工作室所加。
某些英文单词中的分割线和中文被大写拼音替代的词是为了规避网站审核，请核对原文。
参考译文由翻译软件自动生成并经阴山工作室校订，或有疏谬在所难免。转载请注明出处。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
|
|
|
