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A Python framework for construction, analysis and visualization of trees. 
安装和使用conda安装 # Install Minconda (you can ignore this step if you already have Anaconda/Miniconda)
wget http://repo./miniconda/Miniconda-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O Miniconda-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Miniconda-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -b -p ~/anaconda/
export PATH=~/anaconda/bin:$PATH;
# Install ETE
conda install -c etetoolkit ete3 ete3_external_apps
# Check installation
ete3 version
ete3 build check
github源码安装 wget https://github.com/etetoolkit/ete/archive/master.zip -O ete3.20160719.zip
unzip ete3.20160719.zip
python setup.py install
yum install python-six.noarch
ete3 upgrade-external-tools
ETE运行输入序列 输入序列为标准的fasta格式文件，名字可以为任意形式 如果需要在序列名字中区分物种信息，fasta序列名需满足SpeciesCode_SequenceName例如HUMAN_p53 = HUMAN, p53。可以通过参数--spname-delimiter指定使用其它字符作为分隔符。
ete预先定义了多个流程用以完成从原始fasta序列到后续进化树生成的各个步骤。 运行以下命令可以列出系统自带的流程及其解释 ete3 build workflows genetree
使用既定流程最简单运行 -w指定所用的流程，-a指定输入序列，--tools-dir指定安装的外部程序的路径
ete3 build -w standard_fasttree -a diTPS.prot.fa -o standard_fasttree
--tools-dir /root/.etetoolkit/ext_apps-latest/
自己定制流程 查看已有分析模块的定义 ete3 build show phyml_default
[phyml_default]
_desc = Phyml tree using +G+I+F, 4 classes and aLRT branch supports. Default models JTT/GTR
_app = phyml
_aa_model = JTT
-nt_model = GTR
--pinv = e
--alpha = e
--nclasses = 4
-o = tlr
-f = m
--bootstrap = -2
修改部分定义获得新的模块 ete3 build show phyml_default >customized.config
## 修改后的customized.config
[phyml_bootstrap_100]
_desc = Phyml tree using +G+I+F, 4 classes and aLRT branch supports. Default models JTT/GTR
_app = phyml
_aa_model = JTT
-nt_model = GTR
--pinv = e
--alpha = e
--nclasses = 4
-o = tlr
-f = m
--bootstrap = 100
[trimal_auto]
_desc = trimal alignment cleaning using auto algorithm
_app = trimal
-automated1 =
## 使用新定义的模块
ete3 build -a diTPS.prot.fa --clearall -o phyml_bootstrap_100 -w
mafft_einsi-trimal_auto-none-phyml_bootstrap_100 -c customized.cfg --cpu 5
totally 4 parts included as stated above, multiple sequence alignment, trimming MSA results, select best model, use appropriate softwares to build tree. - represents command separator
none represents skipping related operations
获取可以定制的各部分命令 ete3 build apps
选择预定义好的模块，如tree builders: phyml_default_bootstrap, aligners: mafft_einsi, model testers: pmodeltest_full_slow, alg cleaners:trimal_gappyout. 流程定制模板: 顺序为aligner-trimmer-model_tester-builder 基于我们的选择定制的流程mafft_einsi-trimal_gappyout-pmodeltest_full_slow-phyml_default_bootstrap ete3 build -w mafft_einsi-trimal_gappyout-pmodeltest_full_slow-phyml_default_bootstrap
-a diTPS.prot.fa -o custom_phymltree
-w可以接受多个流程(空格分开)，进而得到不同的比对工具、处理方式和建树工具输出的多个结果，可以通过ete3 compare比较这些结果的吻合度, 比如Robinson-Foulds距离等。
ete3 compare -r newtree1.nwq -t 'tree2.nw tree3.nw tree4.nw' --unrooted
# Tree file can be got using find
find custom_phymltree -name *.nw
定制不同的分析模块
氨基酸比对指导核苷酸比对的进化树构建 (要求氨基酸序列与核苷酸序列名字一一对应，核苷酸序列可以含有终止密码子，最终获得的核苷酸比对序列存储在*.used_alg.fa文件中。) ete3 build -a diTPS.prot.fa -n diTPS.nucl.fa -o aa2nt
-w standard_fasttree --clearall --nt-switch-threshold 0.9
-C 20
使用预先比对好的序列, 使用none代替aligner ete3 build -a diTPS.prot.aln.fa -w none-none-none-fasttree
-o manual_alg --clearall
设置树的根节点 from ete3 import Tree
tree = Tree('tree.nw')
root = 'one_node_name'
tree.set_outgroup(root)
#use mid-point as root
mid = tree.get_midpoint_outgroup()
tree.set_outgroup(mid)
tree.write('tree.rooted.nw')
tree.render('tree.rooted.pdf')
问题解决ETE: cannot connect to X server 如果程序运行出现错误ETE: cannot connect to X server则安装Xvfb，并运行 xvfb-run ete3取代ete3, 后面的代码不变。 yum install xorg-x11-server-Xvfb.x86_64
xvfb-run ete3 build -w standard_fasttree -a diTPS.prot.fa -o standard_fasttree
ETE: cannot connect to X server (solve in python script or jupyter ref) # Add the following 4 lines at the beginning of python code
# or the first cell in Jupyter
from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb
vdisplay = Xvfb()
vdisplay.start()
# launch stuff inside virtual display here
# other python codes here
# Add this line at the end of python code
# or the last cell in Jupyter
vdisplay.stop()
External applications directory are not found 指定ETE使用的工具的安装路径；一般发生在普通用户使用根用户编译的ETE时。 --tools-dir /root/.etetoolkit/ext_apps-latest/
Tree annotation# A virtual X-server XVFB is used in case you do not have X-server
from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb
vdisplay = Xvfb()
vdisplay.start()
# launch stuff inside virtual display here
#vdisplay.stop()
from ete3 import Tree, faces, TreeStyle, NodeStyle
from ete3 import ClusterTree, RectFace, AttrFace, ProfileFace, TextFace
from ete3.treeview.faces import add_face_to_node
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import colorsys
The most simple way of showing a tree. t = Tree()
t.populate(7,names_library=['A','B','C','D','E','F','G'])
## %%liline is used for showing plots in ipythonnotebook.
## t.render(file_name='tree.pdf') # will save tree into pdf file
t.render(file_name='%%inline')
Get the randomly generated tree in newick format and save to a string variable which can be read using Tree() function. t_str = t.write(outfile=None, format=0)
t_str
'(((B:1,A:1)1:1,(G:1,F:1)1:1)1:1,(E:1,(D:1,C:1)1:1)1:1);'
t = Tree(t_str)
ts = TreeStyle()
ts.show_leaf_name = True
ts.show_branch_length = True
ts.show_branch_support = True
t.render(file_name='%%inline', tree_style=ts)
Get the randomly generated tree in newick format and save to file which can also be read using Tree() function. t.write(outfile='tree.nw', format=0)
t = Tree('tree.nw')
ts.mode = 'c'
ts.arc_start = -180 # 0 degrees = 3 o'clock
ts.arc_span = 180
t.render(file_name='%%inline', w=500, tree_style=ts)
设置根节点、叶节点和中间节点的属性 ts = TreeStyle()
ts.show_leaf_name = True
ts.show_branch_length = True
ts.show_branch_support = True
# Draws nodes as small red spheres of diameter equal to 10 pixels
for n in t.traverse(): # Traverse each node and set attribute for each type of nodes
if n.is_leaf(): # Decide if leaf node
nstyle = NodeStyle()
nstyle['shape'] = 'sphere'
nstyle['size'] = 10
nstyle['fgcolor'] = 'darkred'
n.set_style(nstyle)
else:
nstyle = NodeStyle()
nstyle['shape'] = 'square'
nstyle['size'] = 15
nstyle['fgcolor'] = 'orange'
n.set_style(nstyle)
t.img_style['size'] = 30
t.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'blue'
t.render(file_name='%%inline', w=500, tree_style=ts)
修改节点的名字 t = Tree(t_str)
nameMap = {'A': 'American', 'B': 'Britain', 'C':'China',
'D':'Dutch', 'E':'Egypt','F':'France','G':'German'}
ts = TreeStyle()
ts.show_leaf_name = False
ts.show_branch_length = True
ts.show_branch_support = True
# Creates my own layout function. I will use all previously created
# faces and will set different node styles depending on the type of
# node.
def mylayout(node):
# If node is a leaf, add the nodes name and a its scientific
# name
if node.is_leaf():
# We can also create faces on the fly
newName = nameMap.get(node.name, node.name)
newNameFace = faces.TextFace(newName)
faces.add_face_to_node(newNameFace, node, column=1, aligned=True)
# Sets the style of leaf nodes
node.img_style['size'] = 12
node.img_style['shape'] = 'sphere'
node.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'blue'
#If node is an internal node
else:
# Sets the style of internal nodes
node.img_style['size'] = 1
node.img_style['shape'] = 'circle'
node.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'darkred'
ts.layout_fn = mylayout
t.img_style['size'] = 30
t.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'black'
t.render(file_name='%%inline', w=600, tree_style=ts)
不同的节点设置不同的背景色，树枝的颜色 t = Tree(t_str)
nameMap = {'A': 'American', 'B': 'Britain', 'C':'China',
'D':'Dutch', 'E':'Egypt','F':'France','G':'German'}
colorMap = { 'American': '#ACFFFF',
'Britain': '#ACACFF',
'China': '#ACACAC',
'Dutch': '#59ACAC',
'Egypt': '#5959AC',
'France': '#595959',
'German': '#065959'}
ts = TreeStyle()
ts.show_leaf_name = False
ts.show_branch_length = True
ts.show_branch_support = True
# Creates my own layout function. I will use all previously created
# faces and will set different node styles depending on the type of
# node.
def mylayout(node):
#Change branch color
node.img_style['hz_line_color'] = 'orange' # change horizontal branch color
node.img_style['vt_line_color'] = 'red' # Change vertical branch color
# If node is a leaf, add the nodes name and a its scientific
# name
if node.is_leaf():
# We can also create faces on the fly
newName = nameMap.get(node.name, node.name)
newNameFace = faces.TextFace(newName)
faces.add_face_to_node(newNameFace, node, column=1, aligned=True)
# Sets the style of leaf nodes
node.img_style['size'] = 12
node.img_style['shape'] = 'sphere'
node.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'blue'
node.img_style['bgcolor'] = colorMap[newName]
node.img_style['hz_line_color'] = 'blue' # change branch color
#If node is an internal node
else:
# Sets the style of internal nodes
node.img_style['size'] = 1
node.img_style['shape'] = 'circle'
node.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'darkred'
ts.layout_fn = mylayout
t.img_style['size'] = 30
t.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'black'
t.render(file_name='%%inline',tree_style=ts)
树+热图（自定义颜色+列名字）自定义热图函数，同时该函数也支持替换或新增节点的名字。 nameFace = AttrFace('name', fsize=12) #Set leaf node attribute
def setup_heatmap(tree, tree_style, header, center_value=0.0, nameMap ={}, nameLabel = '',
color_up=0.7, color_down=0.2, color_center='white'):
DEFAULT_COLOR_SATURATION = 0.5
BASE_LIGHTNESS = 0.7
def gradient_color(value, max_value, saturation=0.5, hue=0.1):
def rgb2hex(rgb):
return '#%02x%02x%02x' % rgb
def hls2hex(h, l, s):
return rgb2hex( tuple(map(lambda x: int(x*255),
colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, s))))
lightness = 1 - (value * BASE_LIGHTNESS) / max_value
return hls2hex(hue, lightness, DEFAULT_COLOR_SATURATION)
# Calculate max gradient value from the ClusterTree matrix
maxv = abs(center_value - tree.arraytable._matrix_max)
minv = abs(center_value - tree.arraytable._matrix_min)
if center_value <=>
MAX_VALUE = minv + maxv
else:
MAX_VALUE = max(maxv, minv)
# Add heatmap colors to tree
cols_add_before_heat = 0
if nameMap:
cols_add_before_heat = 1
for lf in tree:
if nameMap:
longNameFace = faces.TextFace(nameMap.get(lf.name, lf.name))
lf.add_face(longNameFace, column=0, position='aligned')
for i, value in enumerate(getattr(lf, 'profile', [])):
if value > center_value:
color = gradient_color(abs(center_value - value), MAX_VALUE,
hue=color_up)
elif value <>
color = gradient_color(abs(center_value - value), MAX_VALUE,
hue=color_down)
else:
color = color_center
lf.add_face(RectFace(20, 20, color, color), position='aligned',
column=i+cols_add_before_heat)
# Uncomment to add numeric values to the matrix
#lf.add_face(TextFace('%0.2f '%value, fsize=5), position='aligned', column=i)
lf.add_face(nameFace, column=i+cols_add_before_heat+1, position='aligned')
if nameMap and nameLabel:
nameF = TextFace(nameLabel, fsize=7)
#nameF.rotation = -90
tree_style.aligned_header.add_face(nameF, column=0)
# Add header
for i, name in enumerate(header):
nameF = TextFace(name, fsize=7)
nameF.rotation = -90
tree_style.aligned_header.add_face(nameF, column=i+cols_add_before_heat)
#-------------END setup_heatmap----------------------------------------------
读入矩阵 （可把文后的测试矩阵存储到文件中读入） 矩阵需满足三个条件： 矩阵为TAB键分割，第一行是每列的名字 矩阵每一行第一列为行名字，与树的节点对应 矩阵可以存储与一个文件中，也可以是如下的字符串
data = pd.read_table('matrix', header=0, index_col=0)
data.index.name = '#Names' #修改第一行的名字使其符合ETE的要求
data_mat = data.to_csv(None, sep='\t', float_format='%.2f')
header = list(data.columns.values) #获取列的名字用于标记
data
| col1 | col2 | col3 | col4 | col5 | col6 | col7 |
|---|
| #Names |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|---|
| A | -1.23 | -0.81 | 1.79 | 0.78 | -0.42 | -0.69 | 0.58 |
|---|
| B | -1.76 | -0.94 | 1.16 | 0.36 | 0.41 | -0.35 | 1.12 |
|---|
| C | -2.19 | 0.13 | 0.65 | -0.51 | 0.52 | 1.04 | 0.36 |
|---|
| D | -1.22 | -0.98 | 0.79 | -0.76 | -0.29 | 1.54 | 0.93 |
|---|
| E | -1.47 | -0.83 | 0.85 | 0.07 | -0.81 | 1.53 | 0.65 |
|---|
| F | -1.04 | -1.11 | 0.87 | -0.14 | -0.80 | 1.74 | 0.48 |
|---|
| G | -1.57 | -1.17 | 1.29 | 0.23 | -0.20 | 1.17 | 0.26 |
|---|
data_mat
'#Names\tcol1\tcol2\tcol3\tcol4\tcol5\tcol6\tcol7\nA\t-1.23\t-0.81\t1.79\t0.78\t-0.42\t-0.69\t0.58\nB\t-1.76\t-0.94\t1.16\t0.36\t0.41\t-0.35\t1.12\nC\t-2.19\t0.13\t0.65\t-0.51\t0.52\t1.04\t0.36\nD\t-1.22\t-0.98\t0.79\t-0.76\t-0.29\t1.54\t0.93\nE\t-1.47\t-0.83\t0.85\t0.07\t-0.81\t1.53\t0.65\nF\t-1.04\t-1.11\t0.87\t-0.14\t-0.80\t1.74\t0.48\nG\t-1.57\t-1.17\t1.29\t0.23\t-0.20\t1.17\t0.26\n'
header
['col1', 'col2', 'col3', 'col4', 'col5', 'col6', 'col7']
调用函数绘制热图 t = ClusterTree(t_str, data_mat)
ts = TreeStyle()
ts.show_leaf_name = False
ts.show_branch_length = True
ts.show_branch_support = True
setup_heatmap(t, ts, header, center_value=0, color_up=0.9, color_down=0.3, color_center='white')
t.render(file_name='%%inline', tree_style=ts)
绘制热图时修改Layout def mylayout_only(node):
#Change branch color
node.img_style['hz_line_color'] = 'orange' # change horizontal branch color
node.img_style['vt_line_color'] = 'red' # Change vertical branch color
# If node is a leaf, add the nodes name and a its scientific
# name
if node.is_leaf():
newName = nameMap.get(node.name)
node.img_style['size'] = 12
node.img_style['shape'] = 'sphere'
node.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'blue'
node.img_style['bgcolor'] = colorMap[newName]
node.img_style['hz_line_color'] = 'blue' # change branch color
#If node is an internal node
else:
# Sets the style of internal nodes
node.img_style['size'] = 1
node.img_style['shape'] = 'circle'
node.img_style['fgcolor'] = 'darkred'
t = ClusterTree(t_str, data_mat)
ts = TreeStyle()
ts.show_leaf_name = False
ts.show_branch_length = True
ts.show_branch_support = True
ts.layout_fn = mylayout_only
setup_heatmap(t, ts, header, center_value=0, color_up=0.9, color_down=0.3,
color_center='white', nameMap=nameMap, nameLabel='Full')
t.render(file_name='%%inline', tree_style=ts)
测试矩阵 ## 矩阵为TAB键分割## 矩阵每一行第一列为行名字，与树的节点对应## 矩阵可以存储于一个文件中，也可以是如下的字符串matrix = '''#Names\tcol1\tcol2\tcol3\tcol4\tcol5\tcol6\tcol7A\t-1.23\t-0.81\t1.79\t0.78\t-0.42\t-0.69\t0.58B\t-1.76\t-0.94\t1.16\t0.36\t0.41\t-0.35\t1.12C\t-2.19\t0.13\t0.65\t-0.51\t0.52\t1.04\t0.36D\t-1.22\t-0.98\t0.79\t-0.76\t-0.29\t1.54\t0.93E\t-1.47\t-0.83\t0.85\t0.07\t-0.81\t1.53\t0.65F\t-1.04\t-1.11\t0.87\t-0.14\t-0.80\t1.74\t0.48G\t-1.57\t-1.17\t1.29\t0.23\t-0.20\t1.17\t0.26'''
产生颜色的辅助函数，给定一个列表，这个函数会自动返回一个字典包含每个字段对应的颜色。 def hex2rgb(hexcolor): return [(hexcolor>>16) & 0xff, (hexcolor>>8) & 0xff, hexcolor & 0xff]def rgb2hex(rgbcolor): r, g, b = rgbcolor rgb = hex((r < 16)="" +="" (g="">< 8)="" +b)[2:].upper()="" ="" zero='0' *="" (6-len(rgb))="" ="" return="" '#'+zero+rgb#----------------------------------def="" generatecolor(labell):="" ="" labell="list(set(labelL))" ="" labell.sort()="" ="" colord="{}" ="" r="255" ="" g="255" ="" b="255" ="" len_label="int(len(labelL)" 3="" +="" 1)="" ="" step="int(250" len_label)="" ="" cnt="1" ="" for="" labels="" in="" labell:="" ="" ="" ="" if="" cnt="" %="" 3="=" 1:="" ="" ="" ="" ="" ="" r="r" -="" step="" ="" ="" ="" elif="" cnt="" %="" 3="=" 2:="" ="" ="" ="" ="" ="" g="g" -step="" ="" ="" ="" else:="" ="" ="" ="" ="" ="" b="b" -="" step="" ="" ="" ="" cnt="" +="1" ="" ="" ="" color="rgb2hex([r," g,="" b])="" ="" ="" ="" colord[labels]="color" ="" return="" colordclan_colord="generateColor(nameMap.values())clan_colorD{'American':" '#acffff',="" 'britain':="" '#acacff',="" 'china':="" '#acacac',="" 'dutch':="" '#59acac',="" 'egypt':="" '#5959ac',="" 'france':="" '#595959',="" 'german':="">
带有Support value的Newick树，供测试不同的属性使用 nw = '''
(((Dre:0.008339,Dme:0.300613)1.000000:0.596401,
(Cfa:0.640858,Hsa:0.753230)1.000000:0.182035)1.000000:0.106234,
((Dre:0.271621,Cfa:0.046042)1.000000:0.953250,
(Hsa:0.061813,Mms:0.110769)1.000000:0.204419)1.000000:0.973467);
关闭Virtual X-server vdisplay.stop()
Ipython notebook for easy usagehttps://github.com/Tong-Chen/notebook/blob/master/ETE.ipynb ReferenceBlog link原文链接 http://blog./2016/07/ete/ R绘图学习
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