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“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。” 转眼间，2018年的“余额”已经不足一个月了。假如用词语来概括即将过去的一年，哪些词语能上榜呢？ 12月3日，《咬文嚼字》杂志编辑部公布了2018年十大流行语。它们分别是：命运共同体、锦鲤、官宣、佛系、确认过眼神、教科书式、退群、巨婴、杠精和店小二。 你知道这十个词语的含义吗？一起来get一下这些词语的中英文释义吧！ 命运共同体(mìng yùn gòng tóng tǐ)——A community with shared future 命运共同体，即在相同条件下结成的命运攸关的集体，源自“人类命运共同体”一词。人类命运共同体指的是各国在追求本国利益时兼顾他国合理关切，在谋求本国发展中促进各国共同发展。
The phrase means that different parts become an integral whole with common destiny, and it derives from the term “a community with shared future for mankind.' According to the idea of “a community of shared future for mankind,' a country should accommodate the legitimate concerns of others when pursuing its own interests; and it should promote common development of all countries when advancing its own development. 锦鲤(jǐn lǐ)——Koi fish 锦鲤，本是一种高档观赏鱼，有“水中活宝石”之称，具有很高的观赏性和饲养价值。在中国传统文化中，锦鲤便象征着好运和财富。而在社交网络上，网友们喜欢转发锦鲤图片求好运，“锦鲤”也指那些运气极佳的人。2018年，微博上最火的两条“锦鲤”莫过于选秀节目选手杨超越以及支付宝“中国锦鲤”抽奖活动中奖者“信小呆”。 Koi fish, domesticated version of common carp, is famous for the beautiful colors which are created via selective breeding. The fish has long been held as a symbol of good fortune and prosperity in traditional Chinese culture. Today, Koi fish still represents good luck for millions of netizens who like forwarding posts featuring koi fish with messages like 'your dreams will come true' to wish their friends and family good fortune. 'Koi fish' is also a common slang for 'lucky guys' on social media. This year, two of the most popular “koi fish” on Weibo, China’s Twitter-like social media platform, are Yang Chaoyue, a 20-year-old singer who won the third prize at an online talent show out of pure chance, and “Xinxiaodai”, a 26-year-old IT engineer based in Beijing who was dubbed “national koi” for winning an online lottery sponsored by Alipay.
官宣(guān xuān) ——Officially announce “官宣”一词为“官方宣布”的缩写。2018年10月16日，明星赵丽颖和冯绍峰在微博上用“官宣”一词宣布婚讯。因为两人粉丝众多，婚讯备受关注，两人的“官宣”微博也引发了微博网友的疯狂转发，“官宣”一词随后也成了网络流行语。 This term literally means “to officially announce” or “an official announcement.” It went viral after two Chinese celebrities, Zhao Liying and Feng Shaofeng , who amassed tens of millions of Weibo followers, used the term to officially disclose their union on Weibo on October 16. The term has flooded Chinese social media since then after being reposted by fans.
佛系(fó xì)——Buddha-like “佛系”是一个外来词。2014年日本某杂志介绍了“佛系男子”，即爱独处、专注于自己兴趣的年轻男人。2017年12月，网络上流行的一篇文章——《第一批90后已经出家了》使“佛系”一词在中国爆红。文章谈论了一些“佛系”年轻人“怎么都行、随遇而安、不大走心、看淡一切”的生活方式。
The term “Buddha-like” actually has nothing to do with Buddhism. It was first used in 2014 by a Japanese magazine to describe those male millennials, who live alone and concentrate on their own hobbies. The phrase went viral on Chinese social media last December, and it denotes to a care-free Chinese generation that is content without the trappings of life that their parents valued, and ready to face the world with a Buddha-like detachment. What will be will be, in wealth, employment and love.
确认过眼神(què rèn guò yǎn shén)——From what I can see in your eyes 这一词语出自歌手林俊杰《醉赤壁》里的一句歌词：“确认过眼神，我遇上对的人”。它其实表达的是“检查过”、“甄别过”的意思。而这一词语的流行，也在网络上掀起了一场造句“竞赛”，如 “确认过眼神，你是警察叔叔要找的人”。 Taken from singer and songwriter JJ Lin’s “Drunken Red Cliff”, the term actually means “making judgments after examining and distinguishing carefully.' The increasing popularity of the term also inspires netizens to create various similar sentences, like “From what I can see in your eyes, you are the wanted criminal.'
教科书式(jiào kē shū shì)——By the book 2018年5月，一段上海民警街头执法的视频走红网络。视频中，无论是他的执法程序还是现场指令都无可挑剔，被网民称为“教科书式执法”。随着视频在网上热传，“教科书式”一词也逐渐流传开来，人们用它来形容某事做得非常标准、规范。 Referring to something that sets a characteristic example or standard of its kind, the term reportedly became trending when a video went viral showing a Shanghai police officer who acted by the book to forcibly demand a driver's license. The term can also be used to describe something that went perfectly wrong.
退群(tuì qún)——Leave/withdraw from the chat 退群，最开始只是指退出某个社交平台的小组。后来，它的使用范围扩大，也指退出某一群体。如人们用退群来形容英国脱欧以及美国总统特朗普上台后，美国接连退出巴黎气候协定、联合国教科文组织、万国邮政联盟等。
“Leave/withdraw from the chat” simply means when someone chooses to leave a chat group in social messaging apps like WeChat or WhatsApp, or withdraw themselves from a social circle. However, it's widely generalized by Chinese netizens and media to describe the pattern of behavior or the phenomenon of high-profile political leaders who choose to withdraw from previously established terms and coalitions, for example, Brexit and the Paris Climate Agreement.
巨婴(jù yīng)——Giant infant 巨婴本是指体形巨大的婴儿。近年来，人们用“巨婴”指心理滞留在婴儿阶段的成年人。这类人以自我为中心，缺乏规则意识，没有道德约束，一旦出现超乎自己预期的情况，就会情绪失控，产生过激的非理性行为。如人们用“巨婴”一词形容 “高铁座霸”。
To characterize someone who's narcissistic, self-absorbed, immature, lacks emotional intelligence, and often struggles to find independence or self-sufficiency in adulthood. It's widely used by netizens to mock childish behaviors by grownups，who cause social problems in public spaces. For example, the latest giant infant features the emerging of 'seat robbing' passengers on China's trains and buses. Over the past months, multiple passengers went viral for rightfully claiming and stealing the seats purchased by others.
杠精(gàng jīng)——A habitually-bickering person 杠精，指抬杠成瘾的一类群体。不管别人说的是什么，先反驳挑刺，为了反对而反对，通过反驳别人来凸显自己的优越感。杠精常用的句式有 “只有我一个人觉得……”、“你们都……” To describe a type of person who's addicted to disagreeing with others – online and offline – for the sake of argument. It's similar to keyboard warrior, a type of netizens who take to social media to attack, or troll others, or express their dissent.
店小二(diàn xiǎo èr)——waiter 店小二，原指旧时茶馆、酒肆、旅店等处负责接待顾客的伙计，一般以态度热情，服务周到著称。今年，“店小二”一词演化出新的含义，指的是推进经济发展、为企业提供周到服务的政府部门及领导干部。 The word originally refers to waiters who worked at teahouses, restaurants and hotels in the past. This year, the word was redefined and used to refer to government officials who offer assistance to entrepreneurs and spare no efforts to promote economic development and reforms. 在其他榜单“C位”出道的年度词汇 《咬文嚼字》杂志主编黄安靖表示：“流行语是社会生活的一面镜子，从流行语中可以窥见社会文化生活的真实面貌。”除了《咬文嚼字》杂志，其他一些语言机构也评选出了他们的年度流行词汇来概括总结过去的一年。 牛津词典选择了“toxic”(有毒的)一词作为2018年度词汇。根据牛津词典的数据显示，2018 年 “toxic”一词在其网站上的搜索量增加了 45%。美国在线词典网站Dictionary.com则将 “misinformation”(错误信息)选为自己的年度词汇。
Huang Anjing, chief editor of the leading linguistic magazine “Yaowen Jiaozi,” said the ten chosen terms took into account both the linguistic and sociological meaning, as they sought to reflect cultural identities and social values. Apart from the magazine, several linguistic organizations also have picked their words of the year. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has chosen “Toxic” as its word of the year. The word, defined as “poisonous” by OED, first appeared in English in the mid-17th century. According to OED, the word was chosen since there was a 45-percent increase in the number of times that it was looked up on its website this year. “Misinformation,' which means “false or inaccurate information,' was given the top spot by Dictionary.com. The website said that the word was selected since “the rampant spread of misinformation is really providing new challenges for navigating life in 2018.' |
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