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英语9年级Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the city parks.

 当以读书通世事 2018-12-15

一、知识要点梳理

1. You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮忙打扫城市公园。

clean up意为“(把……)打扫干净;(把……)收拾整齐”。

She is cleaning up the kitchen now. 她现在正在打扫厨房。

另外,它还有“梳洗、(俚)大捞一笔”的意思。

Wait a minute. I’ll have to clean up. 等一下,我要梳洗一下。

He cleaned up in the stock market last year. 去年他在股票市场大捞了一笔。

●友情提示● clean down是“彻底清洗”的意思。

Please clean down the wall. 请把墙壁清洗干净。

2. You could give out food at the food bank. 你可以在救济会发放食物。

I’ll hand out advertisements after school. 放学后我将分发广告。

give out和hand out均是由“动词+副词”构成的动副短语。前者意为“分发、发放”;后者意为“散发、把……拿出来、分发”,两者通常可互换使用。

It’s up to me to hand out / give out the newspapers today. 今天由我负责分发报纸。

The teacher asked me to give out the examination papers. 老师让我把试卷发下去。

Help me to hand out the textbooks, please. 请帮我把课本分发下去。

●友情提示●

① 由give构成的短语常见的有give off (发出;放出),give onto (面临;朝向),give over (停止;放弃),give up to (不抱希望)等。

② 由hand构成的短语常见的有hand in hand (手拉手地), on the one hand (在一方面),on the other hand (在另一方面),hand in (交上来)等。

3. We can’t put off making a plan. 制定计划这件事我们不能再拖延了。

Put off意为“推迟、拖延”。其中的off也是副词,它的宾语可以是名词、代词或动名词。若代词作宾语,该代词应放在put和off之间,不可放在off之后。

We’ll put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨,我们把运动会延期到下周举行。

Don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天能做的事,不要拖延到明天。

另外,它还有“消除、去除”的意思。

You must put off your doubts. 你必须消除你的疑虑。

●友情提示● put sb. off则意为“把和某人的约会等延后”、“闪避”、“敷衍”、“推诿(已答应做的事、责任)”。

We shall have to put the Smiths off till next week. 我们将不得不把同史密斯夫妇的约会推延到下星期。

He tried to put me off with vague promises. 他企图以含混的允诺来敷衍我。

●病句诊所●

我们不应该推迟讨论这个问题了。

误:We shouldn’t put off discuss the problem.

误:We shouldn’t put off to discuss the problem.

正:We shouldn’t put off discussing the problem.

析:put off意为“推迟、拖延”讲时其宾语可以是名词或代词;但接动词作宾语时要动名词形式。

4. Let’s cheer him up. 让我们使他振作起来吧。

cheer sb. up意为“(使某人)高兴 / 振作起来”。

The news cheered him up. 这消息使他高兴起来。

Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over. 振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。

5. Number 77 High School is home to three very special young people: Li Huiping, Lin Pei and Zhu Ming. 对三个特殊的年轻人,李惠萍、林佩和朱明来说第77中学是他们的家。

be home to...意为“成为……家园,(某地)是(某人的)家”。To为介词,后接名词、代词,若跟副词如here, there等要省略to。

Soon they found a cave in the rocks and made it home to them. 不久,他们在岩石下找到一个洞并把它作为他们的家。

He was born in Beijing, but now Shanghai is home to him. 他出生在北京,但是现在上海是他的家。

6. Not only do I feel good about helping other people. But I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 并不只是我从帮助他人中感受到快乐,我也把时间花在了我喜欢做的事上。

(1) not only...but (also)...意为“不但……而且……”。其中,also可以省略。

He is learning not only English but (also) French. 他不但在学英语,而且还在学法语。

She speaks Russian not only in class but (also) at home. 她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。

我们在使用时仍有几点需要注意:

① 当not only...but (also)... 连接两个分句,并且not only位于句首时,前一个分句的主语和谓语要倒装,但but (also) 后面的句子不用倒装。

Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports. 李小姐不但喜欢音乐,而且还喜欢体育。

② 当not only...but (also)...连接两上并列主语时,句子谓语动词的形式必须和靠近but (also) 的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

Not only you but also he has to attend the meeting. 不但你要去参加会议,而且他也要去。

Not only the students but also their teacher likes football. 不但同学们喜欢足球,而且他们的老师也喜欢。

③ not only...but (also)...应该连接两个并列的句子成分。

Not only Mr Lin but (also) his son joined the Party two years ago. 不仅林先生,还有他的儿子,两年前就入党了。 (连接两个主语)

He speaks not only English but also French. 他不但会说英语,而且还会说法语。 (连接两个宾语)

I not only heard it, but (also) saw it. 我不但听到而且也看见了。(连接两上谓语动词)

They speak English not only in class but (also) in the dormitory. 他们不仅在教室里说英语,在寝室里也说英语。 (连接两个地点状语)

(2) get to do sth. 表示“经过一个过程或努力而……”、“逐渐做……”的意思。

You’ll get to like the work. 你慢慢会喜欢这工作的。

7. I take after my mother. 我长得像我母亲。

take after意为“长得像”、“有(某人)的特征”。

He takes after his father, a drunkard. 他就像他父亲一样,醉汉一个。

She took after her mother almost in everything. 她长得几乎与她母亲一模一样。

8. I fix up bikes and give them away. 我修理自行车并把它们送人。

fix up意为“修理、修补、搭起、安装”。

They fixed up a simple operation table at one end of the room. 他们在房子一头搭起一个简易手术台。

You’d better have the house fixed up before selling it. 你在卖房子之前,最好把房子修善一下。

They are busy fixing up the lights. 他们在忙着安装电灯。

另外,fix sb. up with sth. 意为“为某人供应某物”或“为某人安排某事”。

If you apply at the office, I am sure they can fix you up with a job. 如果你向办事处申请,我确信他们一定会给你安排一项工作的。

●词语辨析● repair, mend与fix

① repair作动词用,意为“修理、修补”,一般指大件的修理,把损坏的或失灵的东西恢复成原样,或恢复其功能。

Those workers are repairing the road. 那些工人们在修路。

We must get our house repaired. 我们得把房子修理一下。

The machine is out of repair. 这部机器已经失修。

② mend 作动词用,意为“修理”,通常指小件修理,使其恢复原来的样子。

He is mending the broken cup. 他在修破碎的杯子。

I’ll send my shoes to be mended. 我要把鞋子送去修理一下。

Let me mend the pen for you. 让我给你修理一下这支钢笔。

但是,repair和mend这种区分不是绝对的,有时常可以互换。

to mend shoes = to repair shoes

to mend clock = to repair clock

③ fix作动词用也作“修理”解,但它主要表示“固定、安装、确定”。

Please fix the lamp on the wall. 请把电灯固定在墙上。

Nothing is fixed in the world. 世上没有一成不变的东西。

We must fix a day for the meeting. 我们必须给会议确定一个时间。

9. He also put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. 他还贴出海报来求购废旧的单车并召集了他所有的朋友告诉了他的这个问题。

(1) 句中的put up 意为“张贴”。

We’d better put up a notice about it. 关于这件事,我们最好出一个通知。

They are putting up a wall newspaper. 他们正在出墙报。

●友情提示● put up 还表示“搭建、住宿、留……宿”等意思。

They put up a tent by the fire. 他们在火堆旁搭起了一个帐篷。

They put up at a small hotel for a couple of nights. 他们在一家小旅馆住了一两夜。

We can put all of you up for the night. 我们可以安排你们所有的人住宿。

另外,put up with则意为“容忍、忍受”。

There are many inconveniences that have to be put up with when you are camping. 在你露营时,有很多不方便处必须忍受。

含有put搭配的短语常见的有put away (收起来;放好),put on (穿上),put down (写下;记下),put out (熄灭),put through (接通电话),put up (举起;抬起)等。

(2) sign作名词,意为“记号、符号、告示、牌示、信号、示意、手势”。

Go along the road and you’ll find the sign for the rest room. 沿道路往前走,你就会找到厕所的牌示。

I saw him making signs at us. 我看见他向我们做手势。

10. You see, you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure. 你知道,你已帮助我拥有了“拉凯”,这使我的生活充满了乐趣。

⑴本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作,意为“用……装满……”,其主语通常是人。

He filled the bag with books. 他书包里装满了书。

Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。

●友情提示●

be filled with表示一个状态,意为“装满了……”,相当于be full of,其主语通常是人或物。

The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。

Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。

⑵pleasure意为“高兴、快乐”,是不可数名词;表示“乐趣、高兴的事”时是可数名词。

Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。

It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。

在口语中It’s a pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。

-Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。

-It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。

●友情提示●

①pleased是形容词,意为“自己感到高兴的、欣喜的、满意的”,指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐,在句中常用作表语,其主语为人。

The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. 这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。

I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me. 使我高兴的是经理决定不再生我的气。

②pleasure也是名词,表示“使人感到愉快/满意“,一般用作定语,如主语是物,也可以用作表语。

It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。

It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。

③please是动词,表示“(使)高兴、满意、愉快“。

Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗?

11. Being blind, deaf, unable to walk or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine. 看不见,听不见,不能行走以及不能自如地使用双手对大多数人来说是无法想像的事情。

imagine是动词,意为“想像,设想(某事物)。”

Can you imagine what it would be like to live under the sea? 你能想像出在海底生活的情景吗?

Imagine yourself to win one million dollars in a lottery. 想像一下你赢得一百万彩票的情景。

You can’t imagine what the dead-end girl has done. 你想像不出那个不可救药的女孩子都是干些什么。

二、单元语法点拨

聚焦英语短语动词

英语中,有些动词之后加上介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义,称为短语动词。短语动词在结构上主要有四种:① 动词+介词;② 动词+副词;③ 动词+名词+介词;④ 动词+副词+介词。现分述如下:

1.“动词+介词”类短语动词

此类结构相当于一个不及物动词,其后面要接宾语,宾语必须放在介词的后面。常见的这类短语动词有stand for, wait for, pay for, send for, take after, hear from, hear of, depend on, carry on, agree with, listen to, get to, fall off, knock at / on, laugh at, look at / for / after, call on, learn from, talk about, think about, think of 等。

She looks after the children during the day. 她白天照看这些孩子。

Tom is looking for his dog. 汤姆正在寻找他的狗。

Do you agree with me? 你同意我的观点吗?

2.“动词+副词”类短语动词

在此类短语动词中,有的短语动词作不及物动词,有的作及物动词,如果作及物动词,副词可以和后面的宾语进行位置上的互换,但如果宾语是代词时,则只能用在动词和副词之间。

常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有cheer up, clean up, set up, put up, cut up, fix up, work out (制定出;算出), give out, give away, run away, think over, turn over, hand in, get in 等。

常见的相当于不及物动词的动词短语有get up, start off, come back, get down, hold on, work out(表“结局;结果为”), look out, get away 等。

Look out! Mind your head. 小心!当心你的头。

He puts on his coat. = He puts his coat on. 他穿上他的外套。

These words are very important. Please write them down. 这些话很重要,请把它们记下来。

3.“动词+名词+介词”类短语动词

此类短语动词用作及物动词,后面要跟宾语。同时,短语动词中的名词前可以有形容词修饰。常见的这类短语动词有make fun of, make use of, pay attention to, take (good) care of, take part in, catch hold of, make friends with 等。

They often make fun of the poor boy. 他们经常取笑这个可怜的男孩。

She takes pride in her work. 她为自己的工作感到骄傲。

The nurse takes good care of these babies. 护士们细心地照料这些婴儿。

4.“动词+副词+介词”类短语动词

此类短语动词也用作及物动词,此结构要求宾语放在介词的后面。常见的这类短语有add up to, catch up with, go on with, look down upon (瞧不起), run out of, come up with, do well in, get along with, look forward to, keep up with, keep away from 等。

He works hard because he wants to catch up with the others as soon as he can. 他努力地学习,因为他想尽快赶上其他人。

I have run out of my money. Could I borrow some from you? 我的钱花光了,我可向你借一些吗?

You’d better keep away from me; I have had a bad cold. 你最好远离我,我患重感冒了。

另外,“动词+形容词+介词”构成的短语动词也随处可见。常见的如be late for, be angry with, be busy with, be short for, be good at等。

Why are you often late for school? 你为什么经常迟到?

I am busy with writing an English grammar book. 我正在忙于写一本英语语法书。

从以上的例子中,我们可以清楚的看到,形似的短语动词,含义却不同;有时同一个短语动词,却具有多种含义。因此,对于短语动词,我们要善于积累、巩固。

●即学即练● 单项选择(均为中考题)。

1. Spring Festival is coming. I’ll ________ up my room. I don’t want to live in a dirty room. (青岛)

A. look B. clean C. set D. turn

2. We have to ________ our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain. (锦州)

A. put of B. put on C. put up D. put down

3.-Where is Frank now?

- He ______ his bike in the yard. (北京海淀区)

A. fixes up B. fixing up

C. is fixing up D. fixed

4. They didn’t prepare the speech contest like that, but it ________ very well. (北京海滨区)

A. kept out B. gave out

C. left out D. worked out

5. It’s cold out side. You’d better ________ your warm clothes, Lucy. (济南课改区)

A. put on B. put away

C. put up D. put off

Keys: 1~5 BACDA

三、高频考点聚焦

( )1. -If you _______ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible.

-Sure, I will. (扬州)

A. keep up with B. catch up with

C. feed up with D. come up with

解析:句意为“如果你想出一个新的办法,请尽快打电话给我”。只有come up with符合题意。选D。

( )2. Our sports meeting has been _______ till next Monday because of the bad weather. (南京)

A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down

解析:put on穿上;put up举起;put off推迟;put down放下。选C。

( )3. If you work harder ________, I think you can do better in the coming exam. (辽宁)

A. just then B. before C. from now on D. once

解析:句意为“如果你从现在起更努力学习,我认为你会在下次的考试中做得更好。”from now on与from now意思相同,均表示“从现在起;今后”的意思。选C。

( )4.- Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in Qingdao

in 2008?

-I don’t think so. Now _______ the young _______ the old are learning

to speak English. (青岛)

A. only; except B. either; or

C. neither; nor D. not only; but also

解析:对话下句意思为“我不这样认为。现在不但年轻人在学习说英语,而且老

年人也在学习说英语。”“not only... but also (also可省略)... ”就表示“不

但……而且……”的意思。选D。

( )5. If you still have any other questions, please ______ your hand. (辽宁)

A. put off B. put down C. put on D. put up

解析:put up your hand意为“举起你的手”与题意相符。选D。

( )6. The basket was filled with apples and oranges. (同义词语替换)(海南)

A. was covered with B. was enough in

C. was all of D. was full of

解析:be filled with与be full of同义,均表示“充满了……”。选D。

( )7.-Thanks for the lovely party and the delicious food.

-_________. (宁夏)

A. My pleasure B. No, thanks

C. Never mind D. All right

解析:pleasure是动词please的名词形式,意为“高兴、愉快、乐事、乐趣”,可用于人们的口头交际中,表示对对方的感谢。选A。

( )8. -Is the math problem difficult?

-Yes. ________ few students worked _______. (烟台)

A. Only; out it B. Too; out it

C. Quite a; it out D. Very; it out

解析:题意为“这道数学题难吗?难!很少学生能理解。”选D。

9. 伊拉克人民因为战争而处于水深火热之中。(根据汉语完成句子)(泰安)

The Iraqi people are suffering a lot _________________ the war.

解析:because 后接从句;because of 后接名词、代词,不能跟从句。填because of。

10. No matter what happens, China always sees Taiwan ______ an important part of the country. (根据语境,填入一个适当的词。)(哈尔滨)

解析:题意为“不管发生什么情况,中国始终把台湾作为国家的一个重要部分。”填as。

四、主要课文译文

Section A 3a

做一个志愿者很伟大!

对三个特殊的年轻人,李惠萍、林佩和朱明来说第77中学是他们的家。他们三个学生都是时常帮助别人的志愿者。这份志愿者工作每个星期要占用他们几个小时,因此这是一项重要的责任。惠萍喜欢读书,并且把这一爱好用在了课余时间为当地学校的课后活动中心的工作上。在这里,她帮助孩子们读书。林佩喜爱动物并准备在毕业后成为一名兽医。他每个星期六的早上都会去动物医院工作。朱明想成为一名职业歌手。他在该市区医院为人们歌唱以此鼓舞他们。“志愿者是伟大的!”惠萍说,“并不只是我从帮助他人中感受到快乐,我也把时间花在了我喜欢做的事上。”林佩说他学到了更多关于动物的知识。朱明说他在医院遇到了许多不了起的人。他们三个学生计划在他们学校成立一个学生志愿者组织。“别耽搁”,惠萍说,“今天就成为一个志愿者!”

Section B 3a

上星期每个人都在想着鼓舞单车男孩吉米。但这个星期,吉米又高兴起来了。星期一,他告诉一个记者他已经用光他的钱买了几辆旧单车了。他还贴出海报来求购废旧的单车并召集了他所有的朋友告诉了他的这个问题。他甚至还在当地一家超市的门口分发广告。然后他告诉了学校老师这个问题,老师们为学生家长设立了一个电话交谈中心。这个策略很有效。他现在已有近16辆单车来修理并准备将它们送给需要单车的小孩。

Reading

我送你一张拉凯的照片

亲爱的李小姐:

我要感谢你捐钱给“动物助手之家”,一个为残障人士提供帮助的组织。你知道,你已帮助我拥有了“拉凯”,这使我的生活充满了乐趣。让我来告诉你我的故事。

看不见、听不见、不能行走以及不能自如地使用双手对大多数人来说是无法想像的事情。但有许多人面临这些问题,而我就是其中一个。因为我不能自如地使用胳膊和腿,日常的事像接电话、开门、关门、搬运东西对我来说一直是很难的。直到去年的一天,我的一位朋友说她要帮助我外出。她说她要跟“动物助手之家”谈谈,看是否能为我获得一条特别训练的狗。她还认为狗可以使我开朗起来。我告诉她我喜欢动物,我想要一条狗。

在“动物助手之家”和一条狗一起训练了六个月之后,我可以把狗带回家了。它的名字叫“拉凯”,是个好名字,因为有它我感到很幸运。你瞧,由于你仁慈的捐款,使我能拥有一条狗助手!

你可以问:“拉凯”是怎样帮助我的?哦,它被训练懂得不同的指令。例如,我说:“把的书取来。”它马上就去取。它很聪明,懂得许多英语词语,甚至一些很难的词语,如“上楼”。

拉凯是只了不起的狗。假如你喜欢,我就送张它的照片给你,总有一天我会让你看它怎样帮助我。因此我再次感谢你支持“动物助手之家”。这个组织钱用不完是很重要的。你的捐款具有极大的价值,钱被充分地用来帮助像我这样生活不能自理的人们。

最好的祝愿

莉兹·史密斯

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