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SPONSOR MESSAGE SAN DIEGO — Getting goose bumps doesn’t just make hairs stand on end; it may also help hair grow.起鸡皮疙瘩不只是让人毛骨悚然;它也可以帮助头发生长。 Nerves and muscles that raise goose bumps also stimulate stem cells in the skin to make hair follicles and grow hair. Ya-Chieh Hsu, a stem cell researcher at Harvard University, reported the unpublished findings December 9 at the joint meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology and the European Molecular Biology Organization. 引起鸡皮疙瘩的神经和肌肉也会刺激皮肤中的干细胞，使毛囊和毛发生长。哈佛大学干细胞研究员徐亚杰在12月9日举行的美国细胞生物学学会和欧洲分子生物学组织联席会议上报告了这一未发表的研究结果。Getting goose bumps when it’s cold may encourage animals’ fur to grow thicker, Hsu said. Nerves that are part of the sympathetic nervous system — which controls pupil dilation, heart rate and other automatic processes — nestle next to stem cells that will create hair follicles, Hsu and her colleagues found. 许和她的同事们发现，交感神经系统控制瞳孔扩张、心率和其他自动过程，交感神经系统的一部分神经与干细胞相邻，这些干细胞可以形成毛囊一。Usually nerves are wrapped in a protective coating called myelin, like electrical wire sheathed in plastic.通常神经被包裹在一层叫做髓磷脂的保护层中，就像电线被包裹在塑料中一样。 But Hsu’s group found that the nerves’ ends were naked where they meet hair follicle毛囊 stem cells, like wires stripped at the tips to make contacts with electrical nodes. The nerves secrete the hormone norepinephrine.神经分泌去甲肾上腺素激素 That hormone is necessary for hair growth, the researchers found. Those findings might help explain why hair loss is a side effect of drugs known as beta-blockers, which interfere with norepinephrine’s action.这些发现可能有助于解释为什么脱发是一种叫做受体阻滞剂的药物的副作用，这种药物会干扰去甲肾上腺素的作用。 Sympathetic nerves next to hair follicles are also wrapped around tiny arrector pili muscles, which contract to make hair cells stand on end, causing goose bumps.毛囊旁边的交感神经也包裹着细小的立毛肌，这些立毛肌收缩后使毛细胞直立，引起鸡皮疙瘩。 Mice with mutations that prevented the muscles from growing also lacked the sympathetic nerves and didn’t grow hair normally.基因突变导致肌肉无法生长的老鼠也缺乏交感神经，毛发也不能正常生长 Men with male pattern baldness also lack arrector pili muscles in their scalps, Hsu said,徐说，秃顶的男性头皮上也缺少直立的毛状肌 suggesting that sympathetic nerves and goose bump–raising muscles may also be important in that type of baldness. Restoring the nerves and muscles may lead to new hair growth, she said.她说，恢复神经和肌肉可能会导致头发生长。 Citations Y. Shwartz et al. Beyond goosebumps: Interactions between the hair follicle, the arrector pili muscle, and the sympathetic nerve during development and hair follicle regeneration. American Society for Cell Biology/European Molecular Biology Organization (ASCB/EMBO) 2018 meeting. San Diego, December 9, 2018. Further Reading M. Rosen. Mice become thin-skinned in space. Science News. Vol. 187, June 27, 2015, p. 15. R. Cheung. Engineering better hair
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