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初中英语语法一百条满分攻略(1)

 当以读书通世事 2018-12-19

初中英语语法一百条满分攻略

The moon shines _______ the light of the sun.

1. tell的五种用法:

①tell sb sth (双宾语)

e.g Tell me your name. 告诉你我的名字

②tell sb + 宾语从句

e.g He told me that he had seen the film.

他告诉我他已经看过这部电影

③tell sb to do sth(不定式作宾语补足语)

e.g The teacher told us to clean the classroom.

老师关照我们去打扫教室。

④tell sb not to do sth 关照某人不要做某事

(不定式 to do,否定形式用 not to do)

The teacher told us not to look out of the window。

老师关照我们别向窗外看

Tell 后面往往跟sb,如果sb,没有出现往往是被动语态

例:We _____ (tell) to start at once.

⑤在一些特殊的词组中,tell 后可以没有sb

Tell a lie 说谎 tell the time 报时

Tell the difference between A and B

讲明A和B的区别

It's hard to tell Joan from John

把Joan和John区分开来很难

Tell (sb)a story 讲故事

Tell (sb) the truth 讲真话

2. (1) composition v. 作文

①在元音因素开头的字前用an

eight 八 eighteen 十八 eighty 八十

Eight hundred 八百 eight thousand 八千

Eleven 十一

当心:one [wΛn] 数字one是元音字母开头,但不是元音因素开头

e.g a one-hundred-dollar bill

②以元音因素开头的字母

a e f h i l m n o r s x

e.g I have got an “A”

There is an “f” in the word “fish”

③以元音因素开头的单词

an hour an honest boy

an interesting book an American girl

当心:①a UFO (U[ju:])

对照an Unidentified Flying Object

[Λ]

②a useful animal

A university

对照: an uncle [Λ]

An umbrella [Λ]

3. friend是可数名词单数,前面一定有冠词或其他修饰的词

a friend

the friend

This/that friend

My/Your friend

(但不能重复使用)

在另一个手里 in the other hand

在我的另外一个手里 in my other hand

.....’s=his=her

4. teach的用法

①teach sb sth(双宾语)

Teach us English

Teach our English

②teach sb a lesson 给某人一个教训

③teach English /Chinese 教英语/语文

④teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事

⑤teach oneself 自学

(teach-taught-taught)

5. help的用法

①help sb (to)do sth (to后跟动词原形,to可以省略)

②help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人

e.g help me with my English 在英语方面帮助我

③help oneself to(介词) sth (to是介词,介词后跟动名词或者名词)

请随便吃些什么

Help 后常跟宾格还是反身代词,关键看to后是动词还是名词:to 后跟动词,前面有宾格;to后用名词 前面用反身代词。

6. 不定式作主语,用it作形式主语

It is necessary for us to wash the face every day.

对照:If you like this rubber,I will lend it to you.

7. all,neither 和both的辨析

All 是三者及三者以上的“都”

(Two/both)是两者的都不和twin(双胞胎)连用

Neither 的用法

①Neither 表示两者都不,Neither 后直接跟名词,名词用单数

Neither is...

②Neither of 后跟名词复数,但动词多用单数动词

e.g 两个房间都不大

Neither room is big

Neither of the rooms is big.

e.g 两个答案都不对

Neither answer is correct.

Neither of theanswersis correct.

Both的用法

①Both his parents are workers.

Both 放在主语,句首

②His parents are both workers.

Both 放在be动词后

③His parents both speak English.

Both放在行为动词前

9. Others,the other和another的辨析

Others 泛指其他人,往往用句型“一些人...另一些人...”:some... others...

the other表示剩下的全部(前面有一定的范围)

e.g Tom and Dick are in the classroom.

Where are the others?

The others= the other+名词复数=the other +数字=the rest

碰到不可数名词,剩下的全部只能用the rest,表示两者中的一个,要用the other

E.g翻译:钟有两个指针,一个是长的,一个是短的。

The clock has two hands.One is long,the other is short.

Another 表示三者及三者以上的另一个

e.g I don't like this one. Please show me another.

10. a few,a little,few,little的辨析

A little/ little 后跟不可数名词

A few/a little表示肯定

Few/little 表示否定

e.g This composition is quite good.

There is few mistake in it.

固定搭配:quite a few、quite a little

Only a few、only a little

Few/a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;a few 表示肯定意思,有几个。例如:

He has few friends here,he feels lonely.

他在这里没朋友,他感到寂寞。

There are a few eggs in the basket.

篮子里有几个鸡蛋。

Little/a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定的意思,几乎没有。a little 表示肯定的意思,有一点儿,例如:

There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?

我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点墨水吗?

11. a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词,它只用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中改用many/ much

E.g There are a lot of books in our school library.

否:There aren’t many books in our school library.

疑:Are there many books in our school library?

Plenty of 后跟可数名词复数以及不可数名词,它也只用于肯定句。

否定句中没有many/much,疑问句中改用enough。

e.g There is plenty of rain in my hometown.

There isn’t much rain in my hometown.

Is there enough rain in your hometown?

12.until 的用法

①Until前的短暂动词要用否定,这个动词到until所引导的时间状语以后才开始。

e.g He didn’t leave his office until he finished his work.

对照:He left his office after he finished his work.

②Until 前的持续性动词用肯定,这个动作到until所引导的时间状语时结束了。

e.g He waited until his mother back.

13.be good at =do well in 擅长...

Be better at 更擅长....

14.end 的用法

①at the end of ... 在..的尽头/末尾

②On the end of the pencil 在铅笔头上

③ in the end = at last = finally 最后

④by the end of last year 到去年年底为止(用于过去完成时)

对照:by the end of this year 到今年年底为止(用于一般将来时)

15. 介词in和on 的用法

月份/年份前要用in 具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上用on:on the morning of July the sixth.

16. Way的用法

In this way 用这种方法

in another way 用另一种方法

on one's way to school 去学校的路上

By the way 顺便....

①way to do...=way of doing.. 做某事的方法

②This is the best way to plant trees =This is the best way of planting trees. 这是种植树木最好的方法

17. 在too...to..句型中,表示对某某人来说,介词用for。

18. ①在不定式做主语的句型中,形容词代表sb的性质,介词用of

e.g It's kind of you to help me English

②如果形容词不代表sb 的性质,介词用for

e.g It’s important for us to read English every morning.

补充:something作主语+be+形容词+介词+sb 这里的介词一般用to

e.g1.pens are important to students.

2. Smoking is harmful to you.

但有五个形容词用for:good,bad,difficult,hard,easy

e.g Smoking is bad for you.

Personal information

Name: Min Xu

First name last name

Given name sur name

English name: Nicole

Nick name : I have no nick name.

(绰号)

Age: I’m fifteen years old .

Birth place: Shanghai

I was born in Shanghai.

Date of birth: I was born on May the twentith ,2002

Mother land: China is my mother land.

Nationality: Chinese

(国籍) I ‘m Chinese 我是中国国籍的

I’m a Chinese 我是中国人

Height:160 cm(centimeters)

Weight:50 kg(kilograms)

I ‘m 50 kilograms heavy.

School:SISU Minhang Experimental School

Favourite subject:Chinese

Favourite food:apple

Hobby: reading and writing

Family members: There are three members in my family.They are my father, my mother and I.

Best friend : Ziyi Yu

21. 表示“乘....交通工具”有三种方法:

① by bus / train/ bike/car/taxi/plane...

② On a bus/train/bike

对照:in a car/ taxi/ spaceship

③ Take a bus/ train

Take buses

22. solve —— solution

Solve v. 解决

Solution n. 解决的办法

→a solution to/ of......解决... 的办法。

23. “上学迟到”两种用法:be late for school= come late to school

24. ①Must + 动词原形表示肯定的推测

e.g Tom must be in the classroom.

Tom 一定在教室里

②must have done 表示对条已经发生的事情的肯定推测

e.g You must have seen this film.

③May+动词原形表示不肯定的推测

e.g He may be in the library.

④May have done 对已经发生事情的不肯定推测

e.g They may have been to Beijing .

他们可能去过北京。

⑤表示不肯定推测,用can't+动词原形

e.g The man on the playground can’t be our English teacher because he is so young.

在操场的男人一定不是我们的英语老师,因为他太年轻了。

25①because 是连词,后面跟句子,句子一定是由主语+谓语组成,这里没有谓语。

②介词“with”短语,可以作为伴随状况

26. 表示确定的数字,用“hundreds of ”:成百上千,“thousands of”:成千上万,“millions of”:几百万

所以:hundred ,thousand,million 只有当他们有of的情况下,才能用复数,来表示不确定的数字。用了复数,前面不会有数字。

e.g About ______ of the tourists are old people who are from the South.

A. Thousands of B two hundred C two hundred of D. two hundred.

注解:只有two hundred是确定的数字,故选B。

27. 普通名词组成的专有名词要大写

The great wall 长城

The People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

表示序号数字放在名词前用序数词,数字放在名词后用基数词。

Lesson three= the third lesson 第三课

World-war-two= the second world war 二次大战

Unit two= the second unit 第二单元

28. more的原形:many/much

Many和much 不能作表语,所以比较级more不能作表语,他们只能做定语。

e.g many students 许多学生

Much water 许多水

More persons 有更多的人

我们图书管里的书的数目正越来越多。The number of the books in our library is becoming more and more.

正确: The number of the books in our library is becoming bigger and bigger /larger and larger/greater and greater.

③我们国家婴儿的数目正在变得越来越少。

The number of the babies in our country is becoming less and less.

Little 不能作表语,所以less 也不能作表语。

正确:The number of the babies in our country is becoming smaller and smaller.

29.两者比较用比较级

30.最高级一定有比较范围

31. I don't think+宾语从句句型,译成中文,否定放在宾语从句中。

32.make表示使得,后面跟形容词、名词、不定式,以及过去分词(做宾补)。

e.g The good news made us happy.

这个好消息使我们开心。

We made him a great runner after hard training.

在艰苦训练后,我们使他成为了一个伟大的跑步运动员。

The boss made his child to work ten hours a day.

老板使这个小孩每天工作十个小时。

I speak English slowly.I want to make myself understood(过去分词表被动).

32题形容词做宾补,34题某些动词修饰sb 的时候,用过去分词起形容词的性质。

33. sound 系动词后面跟形容词做定语。

某些动词当主语是something ,用现在分词起形容词的性质做表语。

e.g The film is moving.

这部电影十分动人。

The book is interesting.

这本书十分有趣。

34.见第32条语法

35. 比较级前可以用a little,a bit,even,still,much,far,千万不能用more。

36.a little 后跟比较级

37.①some time 表示一段时间,前面往往有“for”,for some time

②sometime 表示某时候,往往用于将来时或过去式

e.g We will have an English test sometime next week.

③ some times 表示几次,几倍

e.g I have read this book some time

这本书我看了几次

④ sometimes 意为“有时候”,往往用于一般现在时(无特殊情况时)

e.g Sometimes I go to school by bike.

对照例题:Sometimes this old man _____(go) to the park before.

38. come from

From 是介词,介词后面跟名词,动名词,代名词等。

39. 根据句意,得出答案。

40. Weather和work是不可数名词,前面不可以用不定冠词a ,但用冠词the

e.g The weather in Shanghai is changeable.

上海的天气变幻莫测。

一件工作:a piece of work=a job

41. show及物动词后面跟宾语,后跟名词,代名词,动名词作宾语。

Interest 可以做名词和动词。

①某些动词,当主语是something,用现在分词起形容词的性质,做表语。

e.g The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。

The news is surprising. 这条新闻令人惊讶。

The moment is exciting。这个时刻激动人心。

The film is moving. 这部电影很动人。

有时候这个现在分词还可以放在something前面作定语。

e.g an interesting book 一本有趣的书

The surprising news 这条令人惊讶的新闻

the exciting moment 这个激动人心的时刻

⑤某些动词当主语是sb,用过去分词起形容词的性质做表语。

e.g I am interested / surprised/ excited/ worried/pleased/ satisfied/frightened.... 我对....十分感兴趣、惊讶的、兴奋地、担忧的、高兴的、满意的、害怕的.....

42. 在中文中,我们可以说虽然... 但是.... “因为... 所以...” 但英语中只能用一个

e.g Although he is old ,he is active.

He is old,but he is active.

尽管他老了,但他还是十分活跃。

Although只能放在句首,though可以放在句首也可以放在句中。

In time 和on time 的区别

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