|
在英语写作中，有些固定的词和短语经常会用到。 如果能掌握这些词汇和短语，英语学术写作水平肯定会提高得更快，同时也对英语学术文章的阅读理解有非常大的帮助。 以下词汇及短语适用于各类英语考试的写作部分，包括高考、大学四六级、专英四级八级、考研、雅思、托福、SAT等。 1. Opinion 提出观点 提出自己的观点可以使所写的文章更加个性化和多维度，展示批判性思维。 提出观点的常用词汇及短语： to tell the truth, … to put it mildly, … in my experience, … as far as I’m concerned, … speaking for myself, … in my opinion, … personally, I think… I would say that… I would suggest that… I would like to point out that… I believe that… what I mean is… it is unjustifiable to say that… to my mind… if you ask me… to my way of thinking… in my view… what I think is that… as for me… for me… if you ask me… the way I see it… as far as I am concerned… from my point of view… I hold the opinion that… my impression is that… I consider… my conviction is that… I am under the impression that… speaking personally, … I dare say that… I gather that… I have no doubt that… I hold the view that… I believe that… as far as I understand… as far as I can see… in my perception… as I see it, … according to me, … I agree with this view/opinion… I agree with this point of view, but… 2. Research研究 研究是一篇优秀学术论文的重要部分。通过提供研究报告或证据，使所写的观点更令人信服、具体和真实可靠。 例子: A certain study that was done at a national institute for media indicated that kids can get addicted to video games and exhibit social phobias. （国内一所媒体研究院的一项研究表明，孩子们可能会沉迷于电子游戏，并表现出社交恐惧症。） 引出研究证据的常用词汇及短语： a few studies… other studies… a certain study, … indicated that… little attention has been devoted to the impact… given the lack of critical attention paid to… there is a divergence between …… and what they actually do. This divergence occurs because… several schools of thought have emerged… as shown previously… prior research has suggested… another factor… the underlying concept… the likelihood that… research indicates… what is demonstrated… against this backdrop… the central issue addressed here is the relationship between… the topic of …… warrants research attention for …… reasons. to answer these questions… the present study attempts to crystallize …… factors which influence …… by…. analyzing the relationship between …… and… in examining… in order to better understanding… a deeper understanding of the process of… we illustrate this procedure by… we illustrate this procedure by using… our contention is that… this research builds on existing knowledge in the fields of… insights drawn from scholarly literature are supplemented with those from… it accentuates the realization that… the issue is whether or not… there is evidence that …… has a positive affect. these arguments suggest… given this orientation… the same logic underlies… in this context, it is worthwhile to consider… in this respect, … in contrast, … a major trait… typically, … traditionally, … this leads to… generally, … as noted earlier… whereas… briefly… also, … still, … yet… accordingly… initially, it may seem… surprisingly, … next,… in contrast… nevertheless… as a result… hence… accordingly… respectively… as a consequence… consequently… thus, … therefore, … for this reason… because of this… 3. Explanation 解释 解释主题或问题是写作的本质。英语里有一些词汇和短语可以帮助引入解释部分，使文章更加通畅更深入。 引入解释的常用词汇及短语： in order to… in other words… to put it in another way… that is to say… to that end…. besides, … furthermore, … in addition, … moreover… likewise… indeed… in truth… in fact… also… as well… foremost… ranking above all others… preceding all others… 4. Additional Information 额外信息 一篇文章仅用一个观点或思路来描述或论述是远远不够的。观点或例子太少会让主题站不住脚，论述不够深入。 提供额外信息的常用词汇及短语： moreover… furthermore… what’s more… likewise… similarly… another key thing to remember… as well as… not only…. but also… coupled with… initially… subsequently… not to mention… additionally, … in addition, … also, … besides that, … and… apart from… in addition to… such as… another… besides, … further… too… then… of equal importance… equally important… another… 5. Contrast 对比 写作中运用比较和对比，有助于突出中心思想和主题，鲜明解释论证或解决问题的哪一方最适合考虑。 进行对比的常用词汇及短语： however, … on the other hand, … having said that, … by contrast, … by comparison, … then again, … that said, … yet… at the same time, … nonetheless, … on the contrary, … after all, … though… in contrast… nevertheless, … but… otherwise… notwithstanding… conversely, … instead, … rather… on one hand… on the other hand… a clear difference… a conflicting viewpoint… despite… even so, … for all that… still another… in another way… the antithesis of… still… and yet… of course, … or… in spite of this… actually, … a year ago, … for all that, … strangely enough, … ironically, … 6. Proviso 附带条件 当研究或证据不足，也无法去证明时，可以附加一些限制条件，形成假设去论述观点。 常用附带条件的词汇及短语： though… this means… due to this issue… despite this… with this in mind… provided that… in view of… in light… nonetheless… nevertheless… notwithstanding… due to a lack of… however, there are drawbacks to… due to insufficient evidence… a comprehensive view of the issue cannot be formed due to… since the claims were unsubstantiated… since the evidence was not validated… according to….the amount of information on this topic is insufficient to… 7. Giving Examples 举例 提供例子来阐明观点非常重要。没有例子很多时候让人难以理解所表达的意思或论述的观点。写作中没有例子，文章也会变得枯燥、不具体。 举例的常用词汇及短语： for instance, … for example, … on the other hand, … to give an illustration, … demonstrating this… illustrating this… specifically, … in particular, … some notable examples are… some exemplary examples of this are… an obvious example of this is… to give a brief example, … to give a simple example, … a case in point… such as… supposing… let us say that… some examples are… like… take this scenario into consideration:… imagine this situation:… to be specific, … moreover, … furthermore, … just as important… similarly, … in the same way… 8. Importance 重要性 使用一些特定的词汇或短语，可以突出文章中的某一点很重要或者值得引起注意。 突显重要的常用词汇及短语： significantly… notably, …. the key… to take into consideration… importantly… indeed… without a doubt… undoubtedly… certainly… surely… to repeat, … of course… by all means… make no mistake,… ultimately, … is the greatest … we have. above all, … first and foremost… again, … to be sure, … in fact, … as a matter of fact, … as I have said, … as have been noted, … 9. Summary 总结 总结看起来很简单，但要把大量的信息归纳写得简单而有条理，并使之成为一个连贯有力的整体，需要付出一定的努力。 用于归纳总结的常用词汇及短语： as a last note, … conclusive evidence… overall… in conclusion… above all… all in all… compelling… all things considered… taking everything into account, … at last… in summary, … to summarize, … to conclude… in light of all these… on the whole… in summation, … to sum up, … in sum, … in short, … in brief, … to repeat, … briefly, … finally, … therefore… as I have said… as you can see… in a nutshell, … to recap, … to give you a digest of… to give you a snippet of… here is a regurgitation of… here is a run through of… here is a run down of… it all boils down to the fact that… to get the meat of the issue… as was previously stated, … as has been mentioned, … given these points, … as has been noted, … to put it briefly, … consequently, … in consequence, … altogether, … in a word, … in the end, … thus, … as I have shown, … hence, … accordingly, … as a result… by and large… finally, it may be concluded… |
|
|
来自： 昵称32937624 > 《待分类》
