在备战中考的过程中,作文是不少同学的拦路虎。对他们来说,中考作文真心难写,无论自己怎样努力,都无法有效地提高作文成绩。那么,如何才能写出一篇优秀的中考作文呢?从各省市中考英语作文的评分标准来看,良好的语言表达能力非常重要。想要写出一篇漂亮的中考作文,我们首先需要进行积累。积累什么?不是单词,因为记住单个单词的意义不大,同学们可能还是无法在考试中自如地表达自己想要表达的内容;也不是句型,因为很多作文题无法套用固定的句型。在笔者看来,我们需要积累以下两方面的内容:一是词汇的常用搭配(collocation)。外国人习惯把某些单词放在一起使用,它们就像伙伴一样形影不离,我把它们称为“词伴”。二是在“词伴”的基础上进行扩句。下面,笔者就教大家如何利用“词伴”+扩句来写中考作文。 方法篇 我们先来说说“词伴”。语言学家发现,语言的使用不是以单个词为单位,而是以固定或半固定化的板块结构为单位。例如“整理床铺”,外国人常用make the bed来表达。可如果按照中文来翻译,没有学过这个词组的同学可能会以为它指的是“做床”。在写作中,由于受到母语的影响,有的同学会逐字逐句将题目要点翻译成中式英文,导致作文错误百出。因此,大家需要记住词汇的常用搭配和习惯用法,也就是我说的“词伴”。 那什么是扩句呢?扩句就是在原句的基础上加入其他成分,使句子更加丰满。比如,“我跑步”可以扩充为“在一个阳光明媚的早晨,我和朋友们一起在公园跑步,为即将到来的运动会进行训练,希望能在运动会上拿到冠军”。那么,我们可以添加哪些元素呢?笔者把这些元素分为两级:一级扩句可加入人物(with sb.)、时间(when +句子)、地点(in/on/at +地点)元素,也可举例(such as/for example)说明;二级扩句可加入原因(because/because of)、目的(in order to/so that)、方式(by)、条件(if)等元素。上面的“跑步”例句扩句后可写为:On a sunny morning, I ran with my friends in the park in order to train for and hopefully win the championship at the coming sports meet. 如果大家对每个作文话题都积累了相关“词伴”并利用上面的两级元素进行了有效扩句,相信写起作文来不会感觉那么困难。如果还想拿到更高的分数甚至是满分,那么同学们需要在“词伴”+扩句的基础上通过丰富的词汇及多样的句式来为作文增加亮点。 实战篇 下面,我们就结合两道中考作文题,来看一下如何利用“词伴”+扩句来写出一篇优秀的作文。我们以近几年很热的一个中考作文话题“志愿者”为例。 我们学校在3月份进行“学雷锋”活动,请你为校园网写一篇报道,描述你们班在活动中所做的事情,并阐述你对志愿者或志愿者活动的看法,不少于60词。(根据2013年黄冈中考作文题改编) 提示问题:1. What did you do during the Learn From Lei Feng activity? 2. What do you think of volunteering and voluntary work? 根据第一个要点提示,可以写你们班同学参加过的一些公益活动。因此,我们应该积累与公益活动相关的“词伴”,并进行扩句。 通过“词伴”+扩句,我们可以写出以下几个句子。 ① We cleaned the streets in order to protect the environment. ② We volunteered to sing for the elderly at the old people's home because we wanted to cheer them up. ③ We also helped children from poor areas lead a better life by donating our books. 在“词伴”+扩句的基础上,我们还可以运用一些高级句式再为作文增加一些亮点,比如针对第③个“词伴”的扩句,可以将其修改为:We also helped children from poor areas lead a better life by donating our books, which is not only educational but also meaningful. 在句式上,我们使用了“not only ... but also”,以及一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。 假设你是某国际学校的李华,今年暑假一些美国学生将到你校来参加夏令营,他们将了解中国文化,并在北京参观旅游。为此学校正在招募志愿者,请你用英文给负责的老师Mr. Green写一封邮件提出申请,内容包括:你的姓名和年龄,为什么想做一名志愿者,以及能具体做些什么等。(2016年北京市东城区初三英语二模) 提示词语:helpful, introduce, culture, teach, festivals, famous places 提示问题:1. What's your name and age? 2. Why do you want to be a volunteer for the summer camp? 3. What can you do for the camp? 针对第二个提示问题,我们可以积累如下“词伴”并进行扩句。 “词伴”: 一级扩句 二级扩句 公益活动 (人物、时间、地点、举例) (原因、目的、方式、条件) ①扫大街 为了保护环境 ②给老人唱歌 在敬老院 因为想让他们开心 ③帮助贫困地区的孩子过上更好的生活 通过把我们的书捐给他们 “词伴”: 一级扩句 二级扩句 当志愿者的原因 (人物、时间、地点、举例) (原因、目的、方式、条件) ①拓展视野 ②帮助有需要的人 因为小善行会产生大影响 ③一起工作 和其他志愿者 为了提升团队协作能力 ④积累英文表达方式 通过跟美国学生交流 ⑤帮助美国学生更多地了解中国文化 通过带他们在北京旅游 实战 1 实战 2 关于当志愿者的原因,我们可以通过“词伴”+扩句,写出以下几个句子。 ① I can broaden my horizons. ② I can help people in need because I believe that a small act of kindness can make a big difference. ③ I will work with other volunteers so that I can improve my teamwork abilities. ④ I can build up English expressions by communicating with the American students. ⑤ I can help the American students know more about Chinese culture by showing them around Beijing. 在“词伴”+扩句的基础上,我们还可以运用一些高级词汇及句式再为作文增加一些亮点,比如针对第④个“词伴”的扩句,可将其修改为:It's important for me to build up English expressions by communicating with American students. 句式上,我们使用了“It's + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”的结构。我们还可以将第③和第④个“词伴”的扩句进行整合:By working with other volunteers from all over the world, I can not only improve my teamwork abilities but also build up English expressions. 词汇上,我们加入了from all over the world这一介词短语作后置定语;在句式上,我们使用了“not only ... but also”的结构。 针对第三个提示问题“What can you do for the camp?”,我们可以积累与北京旅游相关的“词伴”并进行扩句。 通过“词伴”和扩句,写出以下几个句子。 ① I can show the American students around some famous places/places of interest in Beijing, such as the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and so on. ② I'd like to introduce some unique Chinese customs to the American students when travelling in Beijing. ③ I plan to teach the American students Chinese, because language means culture. ④ I am going to invite the American students to my house to enjoy some delicious Chinese food, including dumplings, Roast Peking Duck and so on. 在“词伴”+扩句的基础上,我们还可以运用一些高级句式再为作文增加一些亮点,比如针对第①个“词伴”的扩句,我们可以将其修改为:We will visit the Forbidden City, which is one of the most famous places all over the world. 或:We are going to visit the Summer Palace, which attracts a lot of people from all over the world every year. 句式上,我们用了“one of ...”以及which引导的定语从句。 “词伴”: 一级扩句 二级扩句 北京旅游 (人物、时间、地点、举例) (原因、目的、方式、条件) ①带美国学生参观北京著名景点及名胜古迹 例如紫禁城、颐和园等 ②向美国学生介绍中国的独特习俗 当我们在北京旅游时 ③教美国学生中文 因为语言意味着文化 ④请美国学生来我家品尝中国美食 例如饺子、北京烤鸭等 通过以上两道中考作文题,同学们知道如何借助“词伴”+扩句来写作文了吗?建议大家在平时的练习中能多多积累不同话题的不同“词伴”,并运用一、二级元素进行扩句。同时,也要尽可能地运用丰富的词汇及多样的句式再为作文增加一些亮点。这样,相信大家不难写出一篇优秀的中考作文。预祝同学们在今年的中考中取得好成绩! 初中英语写作常用词组及句式结构 常用词组 1、记忆犹新: be/remain fresh in memory 2、拥有渊博的知识: have profound knowledge 3、感到很有压力: feel stressed out 4、磨损一个人的意志: wear down a person’s will 5、制定合理/明确的目标: set reasonable/definite goals 6、渴望知识: have a thirst for knowledge 7、让(机会,时间)从指缝间溜走: let (time/opportunity) slip through one’s fingers 8、做梦也想不到的是: sth is beyond one’s wildest dreams 9、勇敢面对失败: face up to failure 10、被运用于生活的各个方面: be applied to every aspect of our daily life. 11、生活中必不可少的一部分: an indispensable part of life 12、在天空自由翱翔 : soar in our own sky 13、分享成长过程中的起起落落: share ups and downs of life in my growth 14、动摇/增加我们的信心和自尊; shake/enhance our confidence and self-esteem 15、有利于学生的可持续发展: be beneficial to the sustainable development of the students 16、培养自己处理问题的能力: cultivate the capacity of tackling the problems ourselves. 17、一个恰当的例子是…: One case in point is that… 18、放纵自己/沉溺于...: indulge oneself in / be addicted to(the Internet) 19、从书中获得很多启迪/洞察力: gain a good deal of enlightenment / insight from books 20、我渐渐明白/领悟: sth dawn on me / It gradually dawned on me that... 21、收获甜美的果实: reap sweet fruits 22、成功没有捷径: There is no shortcut to success. 23、有利有弊: have both merits and demerits 24、比其他任何东西都重要:top(v) anything else in importance 25、陷入绝望: sink into despair/ be in deep despair 26、在(学习和休息)之间取得平衡:strike a balance between (study and rest) 27、不用说: needless to say 28、多亏了他们的指导: thanks to their guidance 29、非常有动力做某事: feel exceedingly motivated to do sth 30、一把双刃剑: a doubled-edged sword 31、天道酬勤: Heaven reward the diligent. 32、孰能生巧: Practice makes perfect. 33、岁月不等人: Time and tide wait for no man. 34、分分秒秒很重要:Every second counts. 35、涓滴之水汇成洋:Little drops of water makes the mighty ocean. 36、三思而后行: Think twice before you leap/you make a decision. 37、事与愿违: Things turned out to be against one’s will. 38、行动胜过语言: Actions speak louder than words. 39、滴水穿石: Constant dropping wears away a stone. 40、勤能补拙: Diligence can make up for the lack of intelligence. 常用句式结构 1、 It is universally acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为… 例: It is universally acknowledged that education plays an indispensable role in our life. 2、 It is no exaggeration to say that… 毫不夸张地说… 例: It is no exaggeration to say that drunken driving has been a serious problem with which we are confronted . 3、 We can not emphasize the importance of sth too much. 再…强调也不为过 例:We can not emphasize the importance of mutual understanding and respect between friends too much. 4、 It is high time that…(+ did) 该是…的时候了。(从句用过去式) 例:It’s high time that we high school students went out and flew with our own young but still determined wings. 5、 It will only be a matter of time for… to become things of past. …成为过去时只是个时间问题。 例:With strict laws and alert public, it will only be a matter of time for drunken driving to become things of past. 6、I am convinced that…/ I hold a firm belief that…/ I embrace the faith that… 我坚信… 例:I am convince that with our combined efforts, a win-win situation can be created and we’re bound to stand a greater chance of success in the future 17、It makes no sense to do…/ It doesn’t make any sense to do…做…事情没有任何意义 例: It makes no sense to indulge (沉溺于) yourself in the virtual world, which will generate/exert a negative effect on your study. 18、The old concept that… … no longer holds true. … 的想法/概念再也不对了 例: The old concept that college education is a passport to a prosperous future no longer holds true. 19、It is not…but…that really matters. / What really matters is not…but… 最重要的是…而不是… 例: It’s not what kind of job you do but what you may gain from your work that really matters. 10、On no account can we + v 我们绝不能… 例:On no account can we turn a deaf ear to the seriousness of the problem. 11、There is no one but + v + O 没有人不… 例:There is no one but longs to be admitted to an ideal university he has been dreaming of. 12、It pays to do … …是值得的 例: Though it’s hard to please all, it pays to attach importance to the relationship with people around us. 13、adj/adv./n +as + 主 + 谓 虽然… 例: Rich as our country is, the quality of people is by no means satisfactory. 14、It is conceivable/obvious/ apparent that… 可想而知/显然… 例: It is apparent that nothing is more important than maintain physical and mental health. 15、… make a difference ….产生差别 例:Individual power may be minute(微小的), but when the power is accumulated(积累), it is bound to make a difference to the society. |
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