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【知识梳理】 一、概念 英语中的语态是表示主语和谓语之间的关系，主要是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 ◆主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： Millie often sings this English song. 谓语：sing的动作是由主语Millie发出的，即Millie是sing this English song这个动作的执行者。 ◆被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： This English song is sung by Millie. 主语this English song是动词sing发出的，即sing这个动作的承受者。 二、构成 被动语态由“be＋动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。需要注意的是：其中的动词必须是及物动词。 现以sing为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are＋sung 一般过去时的被动语态：was／were＋sung 一般将来时的被动语态：will／shall be＋sung 现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being＋sung 过去进行时的被动语态：have／has been＋sung 现在完成时的被动语态：have／has been＋sung 过去完成时的被动语态：had been + sung 三、变换 1、把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。如果是人称代词的宾格须变成主格； 2、把谓语变成被动结构：be＋过去分词。需要注意的是：要根据被动语态句子里的主语的 人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式，变成被动语态后的句子的时态须与原来主动语态的句子时态保持一致； 3、把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语。如果是人称代词主格须改为宾格。 4、其余部分照写。如： 【拓展延伸】 1、在含有使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（hear, see, watch, find, feel等）以及help的句子中，在主动语态中这些词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，须将to补上。如： I saw him play football on the playground just now. →He was seen to play football on the playground by me. 2、teach, give, show, pass, buy, tell等后常接两个宾语，即双宾语：直接宾语（表物的）和间接宾语（表人的）。变成被动语态时，可以选取其中任一个做主语。但需要注意的是：如果选取直接宾语做主语时，那么间接宾语钱须加相应的介词for或to。如： Helen showed me a photo. →I was shown a photo by Helen. →A photo was shown to me by Helen. 3、由“不及物动词+ 介词/副词+ 宾语”的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。如： She took good care of her grandmother. →Her grandmother was taken good care of by her. 四、用法 1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如： The red car was made in Yancheng, Jiangsu. 这辆红色小汽车是江苏盐城产的。(不知道这辆小汽车是谁制造的) The Sutong Highway Bridge was founded in 2007. 这座桥竣工于2007年。(不知道苏通大桥是谁建造的) 2、需要突出或强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者，这时常由by短语引出动作的执行者。 例如： The window was broken by Jack last night. 窗子杰克昨晚打破的。（强调打破窗子这一动作的执行者是Jack） 3、出于礼貌或交际需要而不愿说出动作的执行者。如： You are wanted on the phone, Miss Fang. 方老师，你的电话。 【友情提醒】 1、不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的动happen, appear, stay, break out, take place, belong to , come true ,come out等。如： The famous writer’s new book will come out soon. 那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。 2、主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。如： The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸上去软绵绵的。 3、不定式在形容词后做状语时构成be+ adj +to do结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见的形容词有easy ,hard ,difficult等。如： The question is easy to answer. 这个问题容易回答。 4、不定式做后置定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。反之，不能找到不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用被动语态。如： I have a lot of homework to do this evening. 今晚我又许多家庭作业要做。 5、在require, need 等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如： My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。 我的旧自行车需要修一下。 中考英语专项练习—被动语态 第一节 单项选择。 从每小题所给的A、 B、 C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( )1.Xiao Ming ________to the party yesterday. A.was invited B.invited C.is invited D.was inviting ( )2.—Why didn’t you go to the party last night? —Because I _______. A. wasn’t invited B. didn’t invite C. haven’t invited D. am not invited ( )3. Too much water_________in the world every day. We should save it. A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. is wasting ( )4.—Excuse me, sir. When can we have a swim in the pool? —Not until it ________ next month. A. repairs B. will repair C. is repaired D. will be repaired ( )5. A wooden bridge_____over the river in the mountain village soon． A. build B. will be built C. will build D. built ( )6. About of the coffee onto his shirt. How unlucky he is! A. half; has poured B. little; has poured C. almost; has been poured D. two-thirds; has been poured ( )7. —Excuse me, sir. When can we visit the museum? —Not until it next month. A. repairs B. will repair C. is repaired D. will be repaired ( )8.—Many beautiful flowers ______ around our school every year. —Yes, _______ beautiful our school looks! A. are planted; what B. are planted; how C. were planted; what D. were planted; how ( )9.—Do you think teenagers______ to make their own decisions？ —No, I don’t agree with you. They’re too young to do that. A．encourage B．are encouraging C．are encouraged D．were encouraged ( )10.This kind of books ______ well and ______ out in this bookshop. A. sells; are sold B. sells; sells C. is sold; sells D. is sold; is sold ( )11. In many places in China, the old over 90 ________ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care ( )12. This kind of bananas ________well. I want to buy some, but they ________. A. sell, sell out B. sell, have sold out C. sells, was sold out D. sells, have been sold out ( )13.Beijing is a nice city because more and more trees_______every spring. A. planted B. are planted C. will be planted. D. plant ( )14. —Will we have cleaner water to drink in the future? —Well, I don’t think we will unless something_______. A. is done B. was done C. has done D. had done ( )15. The girls______ how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well. A. taught B. were taught C. will teach D. will be taught ( )16.The 24th Winter Olympic Games_____on the fourth of February,2022 in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. A. will be held B. hold C. will hold D. will be hold ( )17.Children should ______ to be honest from a young age. A.educate B.be educated C. punish D. be punished ( )18.I plan to build an unusual house. It ______ out of old things. A.is built B.has built C.was built D.will be built ( )19.Now all Chinese couple ______to have two children. A. allow B.allowed C.are allowed D.were allowed ( )20.—Where would you like to go on vacation this summer ? —Brazil. Because the 31st Rio Olympic Games _____ there. A.will be held B.will hold C.will be happened D.are held ( )21.—Mom, where is my model plane? —Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent ( )22.When the baby dog _____, it was very hungry. So we gave it some food. A.is found B.was found C.has been found D.will be found ( )23.—You speak Chinese very well, Sam. —Thanks. Chinese is very popular. It _____widely in the world. A.speak B.is spoke C.was spoken D.is spoken ( )24.—Your classroom is so clean. —Of course. It _____ every day. A.is cleaned B.was cleaned C.cleans D.cleaned ( )25.—Wow, your hat looks so beautiful . —It _____ by my aunt. She is working in China. A.has bought B.had bought C.is bought D.was bought ( )26.As far as I know, tea plants _____on the sides of mountains. A.are growed B.are grown C.grows ( )27.Chinese ______by more and more people around the world. A.is spoken B.spoke C.are spoken D.speaks ( )28.—As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese_____ in more and more schools out of our country. —That’s true. As a Chinese, I feel very proud. A.teaches B. has taught C. is taught D. was taught ( )29.—The 31st Olympic Games will_____ in Rio this year. —Yeah. It’s over 100 years since the first Olympics _____in 1896. A.be held, held B.held ,was held C.hold , held D.be held, was held ( )30.—China’s 23rd Beidou Satellite________into space on June 12, 2016. —As Chinese, we are proud of it. A.has sent B.is sent C.will send D.was sent ( )31.Emily is glad that she _______ for her honesty at the meeting. A. praise B. praised C. is praised D. was praised ( )32.—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help with him? —No problem! I think he _____to think twice before starting. A.should be told B.can tell C.should tell D.can be telling ( )33.—What’s the meaning of the activity “Let’s Save”? —Paper shouldn’t ________ in everyday life. A. waste B. wasted C. be wasted D. is wasted ( )34.If a driver _____ to park in the wrong place, he’ll get a fine. A.finds B.is found C.has found ( )35.—I want to borrow the book, but I don’t know how long it may_____. —For two weeks. A. borrow B. be borrowed C. keep D. be kept ( )36.Chinese New Year ________the spring Festival. People often eat dumplings. A. is called B. was called C. calls D. called ( )37.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine, she _____ by more people nowadays. A.know B.knows C.is known D.was known ( )38.With the development of China, Chinese_____by a large number of people in the world. A.speaks B.is spoken C.speak D.is speaking ( )39.The workers were made from morning to night in the past.[Com] A. worked B.to work C. work D. working ( )40.Many houses_____by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged ( )41.—Have you heard of the Big Ben? —Of course. It_______a symbol of UK. A.regards as B. is regarded as C. is regarded to D. regards to ( )42.—Jack, your room is really in a mess. It need_____. —Sorry, Mum.I’ll do it at nonce. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned ( )43.At least 300 million people are using QQ_______by Ma Huateng to chat online. A. create B. created C. to create D. creating ( )44.He wants to have his TV_______. A.repair B. repaired C. to repair D. repairing ( )45.The boy ______ to get supper ready after school． A．were told B．is telling C．was told D．tells ( )46.A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China． A．must B．must be C．has D．have ( )47.This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library． A．take away B．taken away C．are taken away D．be taken away ( )48.The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city． A．be building B．build C．be built D．built ( )49.—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？ —Yes．It's Shanghai． A．made of；made by B．made of；made in C．made for；made by D．made for；made in ( )50.This machine is used ______ the room wet． A．for keeping B．as keeping C．keep D．to keeping 2018年九年级英语专项练习—被动语态 参 考 答 案 1-5AAACB 6-10DCBCA 11-15BDBAB 16-20ABDCA 21-25CBDAD 26-30BACAD 31-35DACBD 36-40ACBBB 41-45BDBBC 46-50BDCBA |
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