小升初英语专题讲座——语法（五）

介词 （一）

定义：介词是是用来表示句子中某一个词或短语与另外一个词或短语之间的关系的词。j

1. 表示时间的介词

1). in , on, at 在……时

in 表示较长时间,如世纪.朝代.时代.年.季节.月及一般(非特指)的早.中.晚等。

例：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。

on 表示具体某一天及(特指)具体某一天的早、中、晚。

例：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。

at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

例：at 3:20, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment 等。

注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.

2). in, after 在……之后

“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；

“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；

“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

例：My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months.

She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.

3). from, since 和for

from 仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久；

since 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用；

for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，主句用完成时。

例：He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

I have studied English six two years.

4). after, behind 在……之后

after 主要用于表示时间；

behind 主要用于表示位置。

例：We shall leave after lunch.

Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

5). in 与during

during 用来表示一段时间，其意义大致相当于in 的用法。一般来说，凡是能用in的地方也可以用during。

例：He came to see me during my absence.

Don’t go to see his wife in his absence.

注：during与in 的区别在于during 强调时间的延续性，而in则只是一般指某一时间。

试比较：They visited many cities during their stay in China.

Her grandpa was killed in the war.

6). by 表示时间时，意思是“到……以前”.“不迟于”.“到……时（为止）”。

例：by supper time；by the end of last term

2. 表示地点的介词

1). at, in

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”；

in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”；

arrive at office; arrive in Beijing.

2). in, on, to

in表示在范围内；

on 表示毗邻,接壤；

to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤。

例：He arrived at the station at ten.

He is sitting at the desk.

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

3). above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直, 与below相对；

over 指在……垂直的上方,与under 相对, 但over与物体有一定的空间, 不直接接触；

on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。

例：The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

4). below, under 在……下面

under 表示在…正下方；

below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方。

例：There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

【重难点】

1. 时间介词重点在于区分每组时间介词所修饰的表时间的名词和所使用的范围有何不同，这是常考点和难点。

例：at five o’clock, on a cold day, in January, since he was nine, after two months, for three hours等。

2. 方位介词重点在于区分每组方位介词所修饰的表示位置的名词和所使用的范围有何不同，这是常考点和难点。

例：at the corner, on the table, in Asia, between my father and mother, among his students等。

【题模精讲】

I worked on the problem _________ a long time and I worked it out _________ myself at last.

A、 for; by

B、 in; with

C、 on; by

D、 for; for

答案：A

解析：考查介词。一段时间前用介词for，“靠某人自己”为“by oneself”。故选A。

_________the time the doctor arrived, the patient had died.

答案：By

解析：考查介词。by指“到……以前”、“到……时（为止）”，注意它所连用的时态。故填By。

【自主练习】

根据句意，用适当的介词填空。

1. She usually gets to school ________ 7:30 in the morning.

2. Can you come here ________ the morning of April 5?

3. The workers will finish the task _________ two months.

4. We’ve been working _______ morning to night.

5. The girl left her home ________ a cold winter evening.

6. I waited ________10 o’clock, but he still didn’t evening.

7. He has lived here_______1980.

8. We have worked in this city _______about 5 years.

9. My father usually goes to bed at ten _______ night.