第三节：助动词、情态动词与连系动词（1）．助动词 助动词是用来帮助主动词构成否定、疑问、语态、时态等语法结构的功能性动词，常用的助动词有：be（is/am/ are/ was/were）、do (dose/did)、 have(has/had)。助动词在使用时有时态、人人称与数量的变化，谓语中含有助动词时，其时态与主谓一致要体现在助动词之上。例如： 1). The boy is playing basketball now and he was playing basketball this time yesterday. 2). The children are playing basketball now and they were playing basketball this time yesterday. 3). When does the plane arrive ? 4). She didn’t come that afternoon. 5). Hard work has made him very ill. 6). When we got there, they had already left. （２）. 情态动词 情态动词是用于表达说话人的情感与态度的动词，情态动词没有人称与数量的变化，情态动词既表达了一定的实际含义，又可以作为助动词使用。情态动词不能在句子中单独作谓语，情态动词与不带“to”的不定式一起构成复合谓语。常见情态动词的用法如下：   （３）．连系动词 汉语中名词和形容可以做谓语如：“今天星期三。”，“你非常棒！”，如果我们要把这两个句子翻译成英语，应在中间加入一个be动词，构成五种基本句型的主语+连系动词+表语：“Today is Thursday.” 和“you are very great!”。英语连系动词起到连接主语与表语的作用，英语连系动词除了be动词外，还有以下几类： 1. 表示保持某种状况或态度的词：keep silent, stay awake等。 2. 表示似乎、好像的词：seem happy, appear perfect等。 3. 表示感觉的不及物动词：feel good, smell pleasant, sound a good idea, taste delicious, look handsome 等。 4. 表示性质、状态变化的不及物动词:become better, grow gray , turn red , fall ill, get angry , go wrong, come true, 等。 （４）. 助动词情态动词与连系动词强化练习 1.基础练习题 多项选择题 1．—Must I water the flowers now, mum? —No, you . You do it later. A. mustn’t; must B. mustn’t; may C. needn’t; may D. needn’t; must 2.— I know by what time you want the project to be done? —By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time? A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would 3.I ______ follow you. Would you please repeat it? A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 4.—Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith? —No, you _______. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. needn’t 5.—Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer? —Sorry. You ________ return it today. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t 6.—Is the man over there Mr. Brown? —It ______ him. He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup. A. may not B. can’t be C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 7.Children _______ sit in the front seat of a car. It’s too dangerous. A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t 8.—I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours? —Yes, you ______. A. can B. must C. could D. should 9.The man is feeling much better now, so you ______ call a doctor. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 10.If you _____ smoke, please go outside. A. can B. may C. must D. might 11.Look at the “No parking” sign. You _____park your car here. A. should B. must C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12.We ______ pay to get into the concert. It's free. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. might not D. don’t have to 13.—May I take this magazine out of the reading room? —No, you _______. You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 14.—_______ you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago. —Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me. A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might 15.—Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you, dad? —No, you _______, son. You’re free to make your own decision. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 16.Here is my phone number. You _______ call me anytime you like. A. must B. can C. should D. need 17.—Let’s go climbing, shall we? —You _______ be joking! Don’t you know I’m afraid of high places? A. may B. can C. must D. should 18.—Are you interested in shopping online? —Not so much. We _______ see real products but pictures. A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 19.—Could you please have a walk with me? —Sorry, I _______. I have something important to do now. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not 20.—Bob, where is Linda? —She _______ be in the library, but I am not sure. A. must B. may C. need D. has to 21.—Must we take out the trash now? —_______. You can do it after class. A. Yes, you must B. No, you can’t C. Yes, you may D. No, you needn’t 22.—Lingling, can I use your e-dictionary? —Sure. But you _______ return it after class. A. must B. can C. may D. would 23.—Look, someone left a book. —Oh, yeah…This book ____ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A. can B. must C. may D. might 24.—Is the long-haired man Bruce? —No, it _______ be him. He’s in New York now. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 25.People _______ wait until the traffic becomes green. That’s the traffic rule. A. must B. can C. need D. may 26 . He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ______? A. does he B. isn't he C. can't he D. can he 27. David never fights with his classmate, ____? A. does he B. doesn't he C. isn't he D. has he 28. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______? A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they 29. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ? A. could he B. didn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they 30. —What are you going to do this weekend? —I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qian. A. is B. am C. are D. were 31. The cookies _______ good .Could I have some more? A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound 32. — Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday? —Oh, that _______ good. A. feels B. looks C. tastes D. sounds 33. —Which T-shirt do you prefer? —The red one ______ more comfortable. A. tastes B. smells C. feels D. sounds 34. －Let’s go fishing after the exam, ______? －Sounds great! A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. don’t you 35. Alice had a wonderful time yesterday, ______? A. hadn’t she B. wasn’t she C. didn’t she D. wouldn’t she 2.提升练习题 从表格中选择适当的词用适当的形式填空 be do will have go taste look smell keep feel sound fall 1.—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one? —I hope it will _______ like a book. 2.—The medicine _______ awful. I can’t stand it. 3.Mom is cooking dinner. It ______ so nice. 4.The skirt _______ as if it is made of silk. 5.—What _______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them _______ from the countryside. 6.Listen, the country music ______ so sweet. 7. He ______ silent at meeting as he had nothing to say. 8. The food will ______ bad if you don’t ______ it in the fridge. 9. —I can’t start my car. —Perhaps something ______ wrong with the engine. 10. She went to bed early but couldn’t ______ asleep. 11. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ______ you? 12. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ______ you? 13. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ______ she? 14. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ______ he? 15. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______ she? 参考答案： |
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