英语语法干货知识：主谓一致的这5个易错点需要重视

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一、误解集合名词的单复数意义

英语中的集合名词，有些只表示复数意义，如police, people, cattle 等；有些只表示单数意义，如clothing, poetry, baggage / luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment 等；有些既可表示单数意义（视为整体）也可表示复数意义（考虑其中的个体），如family, team, class, crowd, government, crew, committee, audience 等。

警方正调查事故原因。

正：The police are looking into the cause of the accident.

误：The police is looking into the cause of the accident.

你在清洗地毯之前得把所有的家具都挪出室外。

正：All the furniture has to be moved out before you clean the rug.

误：All the furniture have to be moved out before you clean the rug.

二、根据字面意义错用主谓一致

在有些情况下，从字面上看，好像是单数意，但实际上句子真正的主语是复数。

如：

这些年轻人每个人都有不同的观点。

正：These young people each have a different point of view.

误：These young people each has a different point of view.

说明：句子真正的主语是 these young people，而不是 each。

三、误将主语后的介词短语为句子主语

当句子主语后面接有 in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词引出的短语时，其后的谓语动词形式取决介词前主语，而与介词短语中的名词无关。

如：

除我父母之外没有知道此事。

正：No one except my parents knows anything about this.

误：No one except my parents know anything about this.

四、没弄清用作主语的指代意义

有些用作主语的名词或代词的意思并不是固定的，而是需要根据句子的上文来确实，此时则要注意它所指代的相关词语是复数意义还是单数意义。

如：

他说的有一部分是真的，其余的就不是了。

正：Part of what he says is true; the rest is not.

误：Part of what he says is true; the rest are not.

所有的房间都有货个人浴缸，并且大多数房间还有无线电和电视机。

正：All of the rooms have private baths, and most have radios and TV.

误：All of the rooms have private baths, and most has radios and TV.

五、不知道主谓一致中的某些特殊用法

英语中有些特殊结构，它们虽然意义是复数，但习惯上要用配单数谓语动词，其中最典型的是“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”这两个结构。

如：

Many a child was playing there.

很多小孩在那儿玩。

More than one student has failed the exam.

不止一个学生考试未及格。

【即学即练】

用括号内所给词的适当形式填空：

1. The goods that you ordered _______ (have) arrived in the store.

2. The headmaster said that the teacher rather than the students _______ (be) to blame.

3. 20 kg of luggage _______ (be) the maximum we allow on the flight.

4. Some guests are already here and the rest _______ (be) coming.

5. A few people were killed in the fire, but most _______ (be) saved.

6. All the machinery in the factory _______ (be) made in China.

7. I was told that his children as well as his wife _______ (be) invited to the party.

8. Many a mother _______ (try) to act out her unrealized dreams through her daughter.

参

考

答

案

1. have

2. was

3. is

4. are

5. were

6. is

7. were

8. tries

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