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1 高考试题中的名词性从句 （2006-2018） 传统语法根据名词性从句在整个句子中的作用来判定和划分名词性从句，这样不利亍学生理解和判断 名词性从句的引导词，而引导词的判断和选择恰好是学习和使用名词性从句的重难点。下面，本人根据自 己多年的教学经验，根据名词性从句中的引导词的表意功能来对名词性从句迚行分类，以便学生更好理解 和使用名词性从句。 一、表事实、观点：整个从句表示一个事实或观点、看法时，一定用 that 引导。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. — —But I still remember the story, believe it or not, that we got lost on News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life. There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 二、表疑问 1 一般疑问：整个从句表示的意思相当亍一个一般疑问句，多含'是否'之意，用 whether 引导(从句作动 词宾语时可用 if 引导) At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see if it got any better. We've offered her the job, but I don't know whether she'll accept it. It doesn't matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park. It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 2 特殊疑问：整个从句的意思相当亍一个特殊疑问句，但从句部分把引导词置亍从句开头但主谓不倒装。 表疑问的词语在从句中充当主语、宾语、大部分表语和定语时用疑问代词，在从句中充当各 种状语时用疑问副词。引导词除了根据其在从句中的作用判断外，还要根据其所表示的意思 判定。 —Could you do me a favor? —It depends on what it is. Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for. Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea where the party is to be held? Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry. Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. I'm not sure which is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 2 三、具体对象 1 特指 A. 表示特指的事或物 See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning. What we used to think was impossible now does seem possible. People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from what their parents speak at home. What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. Many young people in the West are expected to leave what could be life's most important decision — marriage — almost entirely up to luck. We should respect food and think about the people who don't have what we have here and treat food nicely. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season. I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside. What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand. B. 表示特指的地点 Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's where the best jobs are. —Have you finished the book? ---No, I've read up to where the children discover the secret cave. Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it. C. 表示特指的时间 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. D. 表示特指的方法、方式 As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions. Scientists study how human brains work to make computers. How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. E. 表示特指的原因 I am afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. 3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favourite universities. F. 表示特指的程度 Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. G. 特指人的表现 —What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I'm not to blame, Mum. I am what you have made me. 2 泛指：只用亍 wh-连接代词+ever，表示泛指的任何人、事、物。Whichever 表示限定范围的任何人、物。 Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? The how-to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for whatever he could find about Mark Twain. Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. 四、感叹 The shocking news mad me realize what terrible problems we would face. 五、状语从句作表语 From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 练习：在下列句子的空格中填入恰当的引导词 1 You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future. 2 Having checked the doors were closed, and _____ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 3 —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That's _____ I don't agree. You should have a more active life. 4 We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 5 It is uncertain _____ side effect the medicine will bring about, although two thousand patients have taken it. 6 The exhibition tells us _____ we should do something to stop air pollution. 7 The fact has worried many scientists _____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 8 You have to know _____ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 9 When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. 10 _____ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 11 How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _____ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. 12 _____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 13 When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 4 14 It was never clear _____ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. 15 _____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 16 It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 17 His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _____ it is he is trying to express. 18 Some people believe _____ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 19 Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases. 20 As a new graduate, he doesn't know _____ it takes to start a business here. 21 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _____ he could have expressed it differently. 22 As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best. 23 The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _____ it is. 24 It doesn't matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 25 Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _____ the problem itself is. 26 We should consider the students' request _____ the school library provide more books on popular science. 27 _____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 28 Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter _____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. 29 The villagers have already known _____ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. 30 One reason for her preference for city life is _____ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 31 The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. 32 I wonder _____ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. 33 Our teachers always tell us to believe in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 34 The news _____ the housing price will fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. 35 I'd like to start my own business – that's _____ I'd do if I had the money. 36 When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _____ lane he is entering. 37 It is not always easy for the public to see _____ use a new invention can be of to human life. 38 We haven't discussed yet _____ we are going to place our new furniture. 39 _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 40 It is obvious to the students _____ they should get well prepared for their future. 41 It is difficult for us to imagine _____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 42 _____ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 43 _____ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. 44 We must find out _____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 45 It is none of your business _____ other people think about you. Believe yourself. 46 Is there any possibility _____ you could pick me up at the airport? 47 The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _____ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 48 She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _____ it takes to save her life. 5 答案 1-5 what that where whoever what 6-10 why that where what Whichever 11-15 who What that why What 16-20 whether what whatever that what 21-25 that whichever what whether what 26-30 that What whether what that 31-35 what how what that what 36-40 which what where What that 41-45 what When What when what 46-48 that whether whatever 1-5 what that where whoever what 6-10 why that where what Whichever 11-15 who What that why What 16-20 whether what whatever that what 21-25 that whichever what whether what 26-30 that What whether what that 31-35 what how what that what 36-40 which what where What that 41-45 what When What when what 46-48 that whether whatever 1-5 what that where whoever what 6-10 why that where what Whichever 11-15 who What that why What 16-20 whether what whatever that what 21-25 that whichever what whether what 26-30 that What whether what that 31-35 what how what that what 36-40 which what where What that 41-45 what When What when what 46-48 that whether whatever 1-5 what that where whoever what 6-10 why that where what Whichever 11-15 who What that why What 16-20 whether what whatever that what 21-25 that whichever what whether what 26-30 that What whether what that 31-35 what how what that what 36-40 which what where What that 41-45 what When What when what 46-48 that whether whatever |
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