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情态动词和不定式完成式(have done)连用的用法总结

 曾子倪图书馆 2019-03-12

一:cancould +have done

1:在肯定句中表示:本来可以做,但是实际上没有做,是虚拟语气的一种。

You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.

2:在否定句中表示:对过去的行为的推测

He can’t have been to that town.

3:在疑问句中表示:对过去行为的推测

Can he have got the prize?

二: maymight+ have done

表示对过去行为的推测,一定,想必。

He may not have finished the work.

If we had taken the other road, we might have already arrived there.

三:must+ have done

用于肯定句,表示对过去行为的推测,意思,想必,一定

You must have seen the film .

否定形式为:can’t

四:should(ought to ) + have done

用于肯定句,表示对过去行为的推测,表示本应该做而实际上没有做。

用于否定句,表示本来不该做而去做了

You should have helped me .(本来应该帮忙,但是没有帮)

You shouldn’t have made such mistakes .(本来不应该犯这样的错,但是却犯了)

五:needn’t + have done

表示本来不必做,却做了某事

You needn’t have watered the flowers, because it is going to rain.

六:will+ have done

用于第二三人称,表示对已经发生的事情的推测

He will arrived at home by now.


八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

  1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

  1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

  2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

  3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

  2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

  表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

  1. He may not have finished the work .

  2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

  3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

  用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

  1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

  2. He must have been to Shanghai.

  4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

  用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

  He should have finished the work by now。

  表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

  1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

  2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

  5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

  表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

  You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

  6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

  主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

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