文章的'起',是指开头部分简洁明了,提出事由,直奔主题;'承',是对开头文眼的发展和延续;'转',是对上文的加深或反转;'合',是对通篇论述的回归和总结,要与起点呼应,再次强调,突出主题。'起承转合'是一篇文章的写作逻辑,也是读者和作者思维互通的一个途径。 英语中常见的'起承转合'的表达方式有: 起 ①Nowadays,there is growing concern over the issue of... ②Recently, the issue of...has drawn the public attention. ③When it comes to...peoples opinions may vary from one to another. ④When asked about...different people hold different opinions. ⑤With the development of...the problem of...has become increasingly serious. 承 ①To understand the point of...it is necessary to discuss/analyze... ②There is no doubt that... ③It is reported that... ④A recent study of...will probably make this point clear. ⑤Some people hold the view that... 转 ①Apart from the suggestions, it is also believed that... ②Additionally, some voices agree that ... ③Furthermore, the opinions above have been proved reasonable in the following aspects. ④Some people have expressed the opposite opinion. ⑤However, some experts argued that... 合 ①On the basis of the analyses above, we may confidently come to a conclusion that... ②All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that... ③There is certain rationality in both arguments, but I believe the advantages of...are... ④It,s high time that we tried every means to put an end to... ⑤It,s obvious that effective measures must be taken immediately to solve the problem. 根据上文所述,为便于操作,我们可以将一篇书面表达的结构直观地归纳为如下的'四段十句': 这种行文方法常见于议论文。比如开篇第一段提出文章的观点,通过第一句话的背景介绍引入第二句话的文章主题。 第二段展开论证:第三句话从某一层面提出分论点;第四句话对分论点进行阐释说明,摆事实讲道理;第五句话通过引用数据、事例或名人名言,佐证上述观点。 第三段可以是对中心论点的深入,也可以是反驳。其中第六句话的分论点阐明另一观点;第七、八两句,可以以第二段的方式展开。 第四段第九句话对上文的两个分论点进行归纳总结,重申中心论点;第十句话,提出开放的议题,或者发出倡议。 【典例】 假定你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信,得知他已被剑桥大学录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括:1.向Jacob表示祝贺;2.谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑;3.向对方征求意见和建议。 范文 【点评】 本文第一层①—③句,说明收到来信,并向对方表示祝贺。第二层④—⑤句,说明自己当前遇到了'大学该选什么专业'的问题。第三层⑥—⑦句,说明自己的困惑所在,并向对方求助。第四层⑧—⑨句,表达了自己的感谢和期待。全文的行文逻辑符合'起承转合'的写作章法,结构清晰,表达明白,很好地达到了实际的交际目的。 |
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