一、一般现在时 定义:现在经常习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态 结构:主语+动词+其它(主语为第三人称单数,则动词为三单形式) 用法: ①表示经常习惯性发生的动作。 Eg:I usually get up at six o’clock. ②表示现在所处于的状态,心理状态等。 Eg:I am a student. I am very happy. ③表示客观事实或普遍真理。 Eg: The earth goes around the sun. 注:无论主句时态是过去还是将来,这句真理的时态依旧为一般现在时。 Eg: The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 标志词: ①often、always、usually、sometimes、everyday等频度副词。 ②on Saturday、everyday、in the morning等时间状语。 ③once a week ,twice a month, three times a week 之类表示频率的副词。 二、一般过去时 定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态 结构:主语+动词过去式+其它 用法:过去发生的动作或状态 标志词: ①yesterday系列:yesterday evening, yesterday morning等 ②ago系列:two days ago, several days ago等 ③last系列:last Sunday, last year等 三、一般将来时 定义:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 结构:主语+will do/ be going to do+其它 用法: ①be going to+动词原形表示打算、准备做的事:We are going to put up a building here. ②will do+动词原形表示客观情况:Tomorrow will be Sunday. ③there be句型中一般将来时的用法:There will be…There is/are going to be… ④在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,即主将从现。 Eg:If it rains, we won’t go to the park. 标志词:tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future等。 四、过去将来时 定义:从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构:主语+would do/ was/were going to do+其它 用法:同定义 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop. 注意:涉及的少,会识别就好。 五、现在进行时 定义:表示现在进行的动作或状态 构成:be(am/is/are)+现在分词(doing) 标志词:now, at this moment等 用法: 1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。 例如:We are waiting for you now. 2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行, 例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 六、过去进行时 定义:表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间内正在进行的动作 构成:was/were+doing 用法:表过去某一时间正在进行的动作如:I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 标志词:at this time yesterday, from eight to nine yesterday evening等 when和while区别 1) 当……时,从句中的动词是延续性动词,when和while均可 I saw the accident happen while I was walking on the ground. 2) 当……时,从句中的动词是非延续性动词只能用when My mum was cooking when I came home. 3) 主从句动词同时发生多用进行时,表同时,只能用while My mum was cooking while I was reading. 七、现在完成时 定义:过去发生的事对现在有影响;过去发生的事一直持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。 构成:have/has+过去分词 用法:同定义 He has already finished his homework. He has lived in Beijing for ten years. 标志词: ever, just, yet, already, ever since, so far, recently, for+时间段,since+时间点 注意: 一、当句中有for+时间段,since+时间点,how long 时,要求:have(has) + 过去分词(动词必须是持续性动词)非持续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用,但我们可以找一个相应的持续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非持续性动词。 leave-- be away, borrow-- keep, begin/start-- be on, die-- be dead, move to--live in, finish-- be over, join in-- be in, buy– have. He has kept the book for two weeks. The movie has been on for ten minutes. 二、have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in区别 have/has been to 意为“去过.....地方”(已回来) have/has gone to 意为“去......地方了”(还没回来) have/has been in 意为“在某地待了多久” 八、过去完成时 定义:表示发生在过去一个动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 构成:had+过去分词 用法:同定义 The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 注意:过去完成时有两个过去的动作进行对比。 |
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