学贯中西大学者的钱锺书对书十分痴迷,几乎是“无书不读”,而且有着“过目不忘”的本领,被誉为“行走的百科全书”。 关于钱锺书对读书的痴迷与精通,画家黄永玉曾回忆到,有次他要写一个有关“凤凰涅槃”的文字根据,但手头一点材料也没有。翻了《辞源》、《辞海》等大本词典,跑遍北京城的民族学院、佛教协会和《人民日报》资料室,通通找不到答案。 
忽然他灵光一闪想起了钱先生,就连忙打了个电话过去,钱先生的回答惊得他目瞪口呆:“凤凰跳进火里再生的故事那是有的,古罗马钱币上有过浮雕纹样,也不是罗马的发明,可能是从希腊传过去的故事,说不定和埃及、中国都有点关系……这样吧!你去翻一翻大英百科……啊不!你去翻翻中文本的《简明不列颠百科全书》,在第三本里可以找得到。”黄永玉第一时间照做,结果马上就找到了。
《不列颠百科全书》又称“大英百科”,诞生于1768年。它不仅是西方的文化标志,也是最受中国知识分子认可的引进类百科全书,是人类知识界“标杆”一般的存在。 
比尔·盖茨曾说过:“是《不列颠百科全书》使我获得了受益终身的知识。”;美国“钢铁侠”伊隆·马斯克在8岁之前就读完了整套《不列颠百科全书》;美国前第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马在她的自传《成为》中,记叙了《不列颠百科全书》对于她规范语言、积累知识起到了巨大的作用: 一颗知识种子,长成参天大树 《不列颠百科全书》诞生于1768年,彼时美国还尚未建立、海王星和天王星还不为人知、拿破仑和林肯还未出生.......《不列颠百科全书》第一版(3卷本)就成为了人类知识领域的里程碑。 
作为英语世界历史最长并不断修订再版的百科全书,《不列颠百科全书》从最初的3卷本,到2012年的32卷本,再到纸质版停止印刷、全面转向电子化和网络化,它不仅记录了人类知识边界的不断扩大,也见证了科技和传播媒介的更迭。 发展 历程 1768—1771 第一版在苏格兰爱丁堡问世,最初仅有3卷。 ↓ 1943 全书版权归美国芝加哥大学所有,发展成美国三大综合性百科全书之一。 ↓ 1985 增加索引卷,成书32卷。 ↓ 2010 最后一版《不列颠百科全书》英文版出版。 ↓ 2012 印刷版停止发行,全面转向电子化。 |

在印刷术诞生之前,知识还是高居庙堂的“奢侈品”;在电子化和网络化之前,知识的获取也不似今天这般快捷。“大英百科”曾经在所有方面都是唯一的权威,在人们争吵的时候、解决分歧的时候都是找“他”作为最后正确的裁判。然而,随着网络化进程,知识的传播媒介发生了天翻地覆的变化。“大英百科”并没有囿于自己“学院派”的古旧皮壳,而是积极走在了时代的前沿,拥抱电子化和网络化。 
2012年后,英文版《不列颠百科全书》已经不再出版纸质版,只是每年出版一本年鉴。但无论是纸质版还是网络版,“大英百科”始终贯彻自诞生之初就刻写在序言中的指导思想。 
“实用性应该是所有出版物的主要目的”——《不列颠百科全书》初版序言节选 250岁生日纪念 2018年,是《不列颠百科全书》诞生250周年。为庆祝自己的250岁生日,“大英百科”特别推出5000册限量版《不列颠百科全书·250周年纪念版》(以下简称“纪念版”),并宣布全面退出印刷品舞台。 
这就表示,最新出版的《不列颠百科全书·250周年纪念版》(以下简称“纪念版”)就是最后一部纸质英文版的《不列颠百科全书》了。关于这本书的内容,下方视频可以先睹为快! 历经250年的知识宝典,纪念版中的收录了不少精选内容,如果你是英语爱好者,或是对文化考古、知识溯源感兴趣的学者文人,一定会对它的内容感到惊喜。
真·作者“名人堂”,集聚大师手笔 《不列颠百科全书》的条目作者历来不乏诺贝尔奖得主和普利策奖得主,也有总统、总理、各类学术奖得主、入选名人堂的运动员,以及商界和科技界的先锋人物。纪念版选取数十篇“顶级配置”的专业作者或历史亲历者撰写的条目文章,则定格了知识求索的高光时刻。 
每一个条目背后就是一个故事: 虽然你可能读不懂爱因斯坦阐述的时空观, 但却能从罗素对相对论的解读中得到点儿启发; 你能读到居里夫人以第一人称回忆镭的发现历程, 感受她对科学的执着和大无畏精神。 还能读到罗斯福总统夫人亲述罗斯福在为结束二战、建立国际秩序付出努力的同时正遭受着好友离世、病痛折磨等痛苦 On the trip home he was under a great strain because his friend and adviser, Harry Hopkins, was evidently far from well, and his friend and military aide, Maj. Gen. Edwin M. Watson, had suffered a stroke and died on the way home. For the first time in reporting to congress, President Roosevelt sat to give his speech, but when he left for Warm Springs, Georgia, in April for a holiday, all the doctors felt sure that with rest and care he could go on through the four years of his fourth term. It was, therefore, a shock to everyone when the news came on April 12, 1945, that he had died in the Warm Springs cottage. For him, the anxieties and the long effort to serve his country and humanity had come to an end. |

这些大咖作者或历史亲历者贡献的词条,给我们了解历史真相、走近历史人物的提供了一个崭新的视角。 除了回顾经典,纪念版也把关注点放在全球政治、网络欺凌、人工智能、非生物人、核世界等热点话题,邀请了尤瓦尔·赫拉利、马丁·斯科塞斯等思想领袖与话题亲历者,与读者一起分享他们的最新观点。如莱温斯基结合亲身经历,分享了网络霸凌对她造成的伤害。 

I experienced this chasm and dehumanizing effect firsthand in 1998, after I became the focus of independent counsel Kenneth Starr’s investigation. I instantly, overnight and worldwide, became a publicly known person and Patient Zero of Internet shaming, losing my digital reputation in the process. As I recounted in my TED talk, I was suddenly seen by many but actually known by few. It was so easy to forget that I, “that woman,” was also dimensional, had a soul, and was once unbroken. Surprisingly, I can’t count how many times people have said hurtful and hateful things to me online in the past 20 years, but I can count—on just one or two hands—the times people have actually been cruel to my face. |
再现历史条目,重拾知识考古趣味 纪念版中还选取了《不列颠百科全书》早期版本中的一些条目,这部分内容颇有一番玩味,满足文人或英语爱好者对于“文化考古”的独特趣味。 《不列颠百科全书》诞生于250年前。彼时,美国尚未建立;澳大利亚、天王星、海王星还都不为人知;电话、铁路还没进入人们的生活......诚然,人类的知识在这250年里也经历了翻天覆地的变化。 纪念版中收录了往期《不列颠百科全书》早期版本中的历史条目,真实地展示了知识发展的历程。尤其值得一提的是,由于以往科学技术的落后、知识水平的局限,许多早期条目收录的知识在现在看来错漏百出,充满荒诞感。比如,纪念版中回顾了第4版中用于治疗“脱发”偏方。书中先对于这一早期条目进行简单的介绍,再摘节第四版的原文: BALDNESS Fox Urine and Onions A fresh-cut onion, a dash of wine—no, not ingredients for dinner but for the potions that cure baldness. As Britannica suggested in its entry on “Alopecia” in its 4th Edition (1801–09), these ingredients, if properly prepared and applied, can indeed regrow hair, even hair lost due to contact with that chief foe of follicles: fox urine. Alopecia, a term used among physicians to denote a total falling off of the hair from certain parts, occasioned either by the defect of nutricious juice, or by its vicious quality corroding the roots of it, and leaving the skin rough and colourless. The word is formed from . . . vulpes, “a fox;” whose urine, it is said, will occasion baldness, or because it is a disease which is common to that creature. It is directed to wash the head every night at going to bed with a ley prepared by boiling the ashes of vine branches in red wine. A powder made by reducing hermodactyls to fine flour is also recommended for the same purpose. In cases where the baldness is total, a quantity of the finest burdock roots are to be bruised in a marble mortar, and then boiled in white wine until there remains only as much as will cover them. This liquor, carefully strained off, is said to cure baldness, by washing the head every night with some of it warm. A ley made by boiling ashes of vine branches in common water is also recommended with this intention. A fresh cut onion, rubbed on the part until it be red and itch, is likewise said to cure baldness. |

类似的“偏方”或“医学知识”还包括: 骑马锻炼可以治肺结核 斗鸡眼会传染,且几乎无药可医 由于以往科学技术的落后、知识水平的局限,许多早期条目现在看起来错漏百出,充满荒诞感。除了医疗偏方,《不列颠百科全书》在250年前还收录过吸血鬼变身指南、狼人寻访地点等内容的条目。 VAMPIRES How to Become One Vlad III Dracula (also called Vlad the Impaler or Vlad TepeÆ) was a real-life prince who ruled in Transylvania (Romania) in the mid-15th century. “Dracula” (meaning “son of Dracul”) stemmed from the Latin draco (“dragon”) after his father joined the Order of the Dragon, which was created by the Holy Roman Empire for the defense of Christian Europe against the Ottoman Turks. Vlad was notorious for his cruelty, especially his penchant for impaling victims upright in the ground as a warning to others, and it has long been suspected that Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula (1897) was based on Vlad and his bloody exploits. Britannica, in its 9th Edition (1875–89), did not delve into this historic detail but did relate rare tidbits of folklore about vampires, such as how to become one and how the undead could even appear as a single strand of straw or fluff of down to better suck the blood of sleepers in the night. |
正是这些荒诞的内容,见证了人类知识边界的不断扩大。它们被整理进了《不列颠百科全书250周年纪念版》中,以此纪念人类从愚昧迷信走向科学文明经历了痛苦而漫长的过程。 除了它,现在市面上没有任何一本书还敢像这样大大方方、一本正经地胡说八道了。但是它真实记录了人们对世界、对自我、对知识的探索,更清晰地反映了社会发展和文化变迁的足迹。 《不列颠百科全书250周年纪念版》中收录的文章篇幅适中,文风多变、博采众长。不管你是消遣时间,还是为雅思、托福写作积累素材,图文并茂的它都是各种英文话题的绝佳素材。 
纪念版是《不列颠百科全书》告别印刷品舞台的谢幕献礼,单是这一点,它就足以在出版界占据一席之地,是极具收藏价值的精品出版物。更为其收藏价值加成的是,纪念版限量5000册发售,售完即止。而且,扉页上还印刷有1-5000的连续出版编号,单书单号,绝不重复。 
还有个绝佳的好消息是,如果你想“定制”专属自己的私藏版,或是送给特别的人一份特别的礼物,可以选择定购“独家私藏”版。只要在下单时备注姓名,就可收到封面上烫金印有收藏者姓名的“专属收藏版”图书。坏消息是,“私藏版”限量仅仅100册,要下单的可要抓紧了。 
有干货内容为立身之本,加上极高的收藏价值傍身,这就决定了纪念版在装帧方面也毫不会马虎。中英文版《不列颠百科全书》一贯使用进口牛皮封面,这次当然也不例外。封面的书名以及不列颠logo都是使用烫金印刷,摸起来颇有质感,尽显品质。

为避免磕碰、凸显大牌品质,纪念版还附带一个印有暗纹的函套。在不同角度的灯光下闪现若隐若现的光泽,摸上去颇具质感,品质丝毫不输动辄上千万的大牌奢侈品,不管是自用收藏,还是馈赠亲友,都恰到好处地“有里有面”! 
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