现在完成时专项训练

     现在完成时专项

   现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去　但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或　状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。不少同学对现在完成时的用法感到困惑，下面我们来对现在完成时的用法以及现在完成时与一般过去时的区别做一个详细分析。现在完成时常与不确定的过去时间状语，如：just, yet, before, recently, once, lately等；也可以同表示濒度的时间状语连用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, twice, on several occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, today, this morning, this year, this month等，但不能同特定的时间状语连用（in 1993, last year等）。

（一）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

 如： Have you read that story？

你读过那个故事吗？

（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）

I have bought two apples．

 我买了两个苹果。

（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）

在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。

如： I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。

（二）表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

 1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；

2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：

for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。

如：for three years, for half an hour等。

since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。

since 还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。

如：We have known each other since we went to college.

3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，

如: come→be,    come to→be in / at,  go out→ be out,  leave→be away,

begin→be on,  stop→ be over，    buy→ have,      borrow→ keep,

open→be open, close→be closed,        join→be a member of,

die→be dead,  catch a cold→have a cold,  get to know→know,

become a teacher →be a teacher,  fall asleep→be asleep,   fall ill→ be ill等。

4、句型It is the first （second, third...) time that...的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。

如：It is the first time that I have been here. 用于This/That/It is the first(second…) time that…句型中。如：

It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city. 这是我第三次参观这个美丽的城市了。

■用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that…句型中用在“It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that从句”中

在这种从句中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that-从句的动词用现在完成时，that 可以省略。主句中的主语还可用this, this evening等; 这种结构中的first也可用其他序数词；time也可由其他名词替代。

-Do you know our town at all?你对我们城镇熟悉吗？

-No, this is the first time I have been here.不熟，这是我第一次来这里。

It's the first time I've been here.这是我第一次到这里来。

It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.这将是我第一次当众讲话。That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。

It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) + 名词+从句”结构中的从句要求用现在完成时

 This is the best film I’ve ever seen.这是我所看过得最好的一部电影。

 This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.这是他写得最好的一部小说。（三）现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。

如： He visited Guilin in 1998.

他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)

2、 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。

如： Jill has bought a new computer.

吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

　3、 两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；

而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

　　（3）看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？

　　① Have you seen the film?(A)

　　　 Did you see the film?(B)[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

　　② How has he done it?(A)

　　  How did he do it?(B)

　　[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

　　③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

　　  He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

　　[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。

5.几点注意事项

　　(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

　　He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

　　(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

　　(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

　　如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语
②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。  在表达一个在过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时。这样的动词有expect，hope，learn，lie，live，look，rain，sleep，sit，snow，stand，stay，study，teach，wait，want，work等
How long have you learnt English？你学习英语多久了？
How long have you been learning English？（译文同上。）
He has slept for ten hours．他已经睡了十个小时了。
He has been sleeping for ten hours．（译文同上。）
It has snowed for a long time．雪下了好长时间了。
It has been snowing for a long time．（译文同上。）
没有进行式的动词不可能有这样的用法，即现在完成进行时不能代替以下例句中的现在完成时：
They’ve always had a big garden．他们一直有一座大花园。
How long have you known that？你知道这事多久了？
He’s been in hospital since his accident．
他从发生事故之后，一直在医院里。
注意：现在完成进行时可以和时间短语连用，也可以不连用，这一点就有别于现在完成时，因为后者与像for six days，since June，never等一些时间短语连用才能表示这类动作。不用这些时间状语时，现在完成时指的是完成了的一个动作。
B 用现在完成时表示的反复的动作，有时可以作为连续的动作用现在完成进行时表示：
I’ve written six letters since breakfast．早饭后我已经写了六封信。
I’ve been writing letters since breakfast．早饭后我一直在写信。
I have knocked five times．I don’t think anyone’s in．
我敲了五次门。我想屋里没有人。
I’ve been knocking．I don’t think anybody’s in．
我一直在敲门。我想屋里没有人

现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

 (1) 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作：

I have read the book. 我读过这本书。I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。

【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)：

How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了？

I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。

 (2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感****彩：

I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)

I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)

 (3) 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时：He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)

 (4) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时：

I’ve only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。They’ve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。

 (5) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替：

The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。

The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。

现在完成时专项练习

一、 单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .

 A. knew    B. have known   C. must know    D.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still

  3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just  B. ago C.before  D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

 A. is writing   B.was writing       C.wrote      D.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

  —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

 A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better

  6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

 A. was ; studying     B. will ; study C. has ; studied      D. are ; studying

  7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

 A. know     B. had known     C. have known     D. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .

A.will see B.have seen C.saw  D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

    —Really ? When _____ there ?

 A. will they go   B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

  —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

 A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished

 C.Have ; done ; have finished  D.will ; do ; finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

 A. joined   B. has joined    C. was in    D. has been in

  12、—Do you know him well ?

 — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

 A. were   B. have been      C. have become      D. have made

  13、—How long have you ____ here ?

 —About two months . A. been   B. gone         C. come       D. arrived

  14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

 A. has begun    B. had begun C. has been on   D. began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

 A. is         B. has           C. will          D. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

 A.has gone    B. went       C.will go         D. has been

  17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

 A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to    D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom,     ?

   A. so they     B. don’t they    C. have they    D. haven’t they

19、       has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he       to China?

A. How soon, comes    B. How often, got C. How long, came  D. How far, arrived

 20、 His uncle       for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university

21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left   B. had left  C. has been away    D. had been away

22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined   B. have joined  C. have been in

23.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

25.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.  A. be away  B. leave  C. be left

26.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished  B. has ended C. has been over

27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was   D. became

29. I ______ home for a week.   A. have returned  B. have been back  C. returned

30. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died   B. has, died  C. has, been dead

31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept   B. was sleeping  C. has sleep  D. had slept

32.He ________ the car for a week.  A. bought   B. has bought  C. has had 

33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall  B. have, fell C. have, been

34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left  B. has moved away  C. has been away from

35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow  B. keep  C. take

36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped  B. stopped  C. has been

37.Are you _____ the jacket these days?   A. wearing   B. putting on C. dressing  D. on

38.He ________ for 2 hours. A. got up  B. has got up   C. has been up

39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.   A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had

40.----- How long can I ______ the book?  

 ------ Two weeks.         A. borrow   B. lend  C. get   D. keep

二、 句型转换。

1、He has never surfed,           ?（改成反意疑问句） 

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)                  have they been here?

3、The old man _______ last year. He           for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

  This factory              ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

 Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

   _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)  

 ___________________________________________                                      

三、 汉译英。

1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、 他昨天收到一封信。

3、 我父亲以前到过长城。

4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、 她去过上海。

6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？

现在完成时与中考选择填空。

1．I_______  a letter from him since he left．（天津市）

 A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard

2．—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have to Dazhu with my friends．（重庆市）

 A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone

3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市） A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent

4．—Where's Peter？ —He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市） A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went

5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北省）

 A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you

6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省） A．when B．since C．before D．after

7．—I have watched the game． —When you _______ it？（长沙市）

 A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch

8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西省）

 A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited

9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．（广州市）

  A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel

10．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）

 A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living

11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市）

 A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone

12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）

  A．after B．before C．since D．for

13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西） A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died

14．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？ —Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南省）

 A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in

15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll return next year．（合肥市）

 A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。

10、B

11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。

12、B   13、A    14、C    15、A。

16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。

17、A   18、D    19、C    20、C

二、句型转换。

1、has he?            2、How long           3、died, has been dead  

4、has been open      5、has been away      6、joined；ago

7、It is, since       8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.

三、汉译英。

1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.

2、He received a letter yesterday.

3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.

4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.

5、She has been to Shanghai.

6、Where has he been these days？

（Key：1—5BBCCB 6—10BCCCC 11—15BCBBD）

(现在完成时和现在完成进行时)

现在完成时

一、现在完成时的意义及其构成：

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词

二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：
1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。
  The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy．(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴)
2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。
  I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night．(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过
3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。
  The boy has already come home．(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家)
4、表示刚结束的动作。
  The police have just finished searching the area．(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查)
5、表示反复发生的动作。
  Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times．(村民们曾多次看到UFO)

三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1、表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately never等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。
  The boy has already come home．男孩已经来家了。
  I haven't heard anything from him yet/ recently／lately.

 近来，我没收到他的任何信件。
  The police have just finished searching the area．警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。
  I've met the old man somewhere before．我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。
2、表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用for／since短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。
 We haven't seen him for two years／since 2002．我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。
 We haven't seen him since he left Nanjing．自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。
3、 表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+times、recently和lately等。
  Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately．

一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。

四、用于现在完成时的句型： 

1) It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：

   It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。

   It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是男孩第三次迟到了。

2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容词最高级+ that…结构, that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：

　This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。

 You are the most creative man that I have ever met. 你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。

 3) since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：

 It has been/ is a long time since I last came to the city. 自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。

I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我一直就在那儿。

注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错) I have received his letter for a month.

(对) I received this letter a month ago.

(对) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

	用 法	举      例
since	说明动作起始时间	I have lived here since I was born. 自从出生以来我一直住这儿。
for	说明动作延续时间长度	I have lived here for more than 20 years. 我已经住这儿20多年了。

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

	一般过去时	现在完成时
意义	过去发生的动作或单纯叙 述过去的事情, 强调动作	过去发生的事情对现在 的影响, 强调的是影响。
构成	did	have/ has done
常用 时间 状语	yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now 等具体的时间状语	for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past/ last … years 等不确定的时间状语
动词 特征	come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married, move, join等非持续性动词	live, teach, learn, wait, read, work, study, know, stay, be away/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延续性动词
注意：由when, where等引导的特殊疑问句，较少使用现在完成时，常用 一般过去时。

 现在完成进行时

一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成：

   现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成:

have (has) +been + doing

I have been learning English for three years. (学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学)

I have been waiting three hours for you. (等待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束)
二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况：
1 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。
 I have not been sleeping well since I returned home．(“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好)
2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。
 Kelly：Sorry I'm late．Have you been waiting long? (凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)
 Sally：Yes．I have been waiting for an hour．
现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：

We have been cleaning the classroom．我们打扫教室来着。

其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。

We have cleaned the classroom．我们把教室打扫过了。其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可

以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别

	现在完成时	现在完成进行时
意义	表示事件或动作刚结束	强调动作仍在继续
构成	have (has) +过去分词	have (has) +been + doing
提问 方式	表示反复发生的动作， 提问时用how many times	表示持续的、不间断的动作， 提问时用how long
谓语	用表示状态或动作的动词做谓语	只能用表示动作的动词做谓语
注意：现在完成时的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever这样的词， 而现在完成进行时的句子中则不可以用这样的词。

Helen has read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海伦已经读完了)
Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海伦仍在读)
------ How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
------I have visited Egypt twice this month.
(现在完成时在这一组对话当中表示被问者过去往返于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来)
------ How long have you been touring Egypt ?
------ I have been touring Egypt for two months.
(现在完成进行时在这一组对话中表示被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过)
I have had this camera for five years．(had是表示“拥有”状态的动词)
I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示动作的动词)
I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. (taking是表示动作的动词)
I’ve never visited Paris. 我从未参观过巴黎。
I've already been to Paris. 我已经去过巴黎了。

. 选择填空

1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?

 John: Yes, I       a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.

A. make    B. made     C. have been making     D. have made

2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but he       as an actor for several years.

   A. worked    B. has worked     C. had worked    D. had been worked

3. Now that you       a famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?

A. have been     B. are         C. were          D. had been

4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.

 Miss. Huang: So you are. You       on the documents all day.

 A. are working      B. have worked    C. were working    D. have been working

5. Tom: I       here three days ago.

 Andy: What       these days?

A. got; did you do        B. have got; have you done

C. had got; will you do    D. got; have you been doing

6. Annie: I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

 Michael: Oh, not at all. I       here only a few minutes.

 A. have been     B. had been        C. was         D. will be

7. You don’t need to describe her. I       her several times.

 A. had met       B. have met      C. met      D. meet

8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?

 Jim: I       here for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.

   A. come       B. came         C. have come        D. have been

9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934)       the world leading inventor for about sixty years.

 A. would be      B. has been      C. was      D. had been

10. Billy:       the sport meeting might be put off.

  Paul: Yes, it all depends on the weather.

 A. I’ve been told      B. I’ve told      C. I’m told      D. I told

11. Johnson: What bad luck that we       the football match in the last 3 minutes.

  Thomas: Especially when we       so hard in the past years.

 A. had lost; trained            B. were losing; had rained

 C. have lost; have trained       D. lost; have been training

12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.

  Mary: I       coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.

   A. had thought of             B. thought of

C. have been thinking of        D. have thought of

13. Tom: Miss Jones       music at Eton School for ten years.

  Sarah: No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden.

   A. teachers   B. used to teach   C. is teaching    D. has been teaching

14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we       here for over half an hour and nobody       our order yet.

  John: I suppose you are right.

A. have been waiting; has taken       B. have been waiting; took

C. have been waited; has taken        D. have waited; took

15. The students don’t want to have their supper until they       their experiment.

 A. finished     B. have finished    C. had finished     D. will finish

16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I       time to play since the new year.

  A. haven’t    B. don’t have     C. haven’t had     D. don’t have had

17. By now students in Grade One       1,700 English words and phrases.

   A. should learn    B. have learned    C. learned     D. learn

18. I       my history this time yesterday. Now I       all my work for today.

 A. reviewed; had done           B. was reviewing; had done 

 C. was reviewing; have done      D. reviewed; have done

19. I       unexplained things recently and I even       some writing.

 A. have been researching; have started       B. have researched; had started

  C. have been researching; have been starting  D. have been researched; have started

20. Tom: Where have you been? I       you the whole day.

  Kate: I was in the library reading magazines.

   A. have been telephoning          B. had telephoned

   C. telephoned                   D. was telephoned

21. The boss       yet when and where to take her paid holiday.

   A. has decided   B. didn’t decide   C. hasn’t decided   D. hadn’t decided

22. Jane: How are you today?

  Ben: Oh, I       this ill in a long time.

   A. didn’t feel    B. wasn’t feeling    C. don’t feel   D. haven’t felt

23. Shirley       a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

   A. has written    B. wrote      C. had written     D. was writing

24. Peter: Hi, Tracy, you look tried.

  Tracy: I am tired. I       the living room all day.

   A. painted       B. had painted   C. have been painting  D. have painted

25. I don’t really work here. I       until the new secretary arrives.

 A. just help out           B. have just help out

 C. am just helping out      D. will just help out

26. The price       , but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.

 A. went down      B. will go down    C. has gone down     D. was going down

27. I wonder why Jenny       us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

   A. hasn’t written   B. doesn’t write     C. won’t write    D. hadn’t written

28. The high building is reported to       down last month.

 A. be torn      B. have been torn     C. tear      D. have torn

29. – Who is Jerry Cooper?

  --       ? I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.

 A. Don’t you meet him yet       B. Didn’t you meet him yet

 C. Haven’t you met him yet      D. Hadn’t you met him yet

30. I       my washing machine the whole morning. I must get t done before noon.

 A. have repaired     B. am repairing     C. will repair     D. have been repairing

31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago. I       well since then.

 A. haven’t been sleeping     B. haven’t sleep    C. didn’t sleep     D. don’t sleep

32. Experts       for Yetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still       one.

 A. have looked; haven’t been finding      B. have looked; haven’t been found

   C. are looking; haven’t been found        D. have been looking; haven’t found

 . 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. The aliens say they come from zeton and                    (travel) for 2 years

2. How many times             you                (swim) in the sea?

3. How long              the children               (play) computer games?

4. They                (visit) this national park twice this month.

5. They                (tour) Paris for 2 weeks. They are going back home next week.

6. She           never               (read) any book about Stonehenge before.

7. Jim                    (read) a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning, and he’ll get through soon.

8. I                (not be) so delighted since I                    (enjoy) myself last.

9. But no evidence of life                    (discover) in any of these planet so far.

10. – Will someone go and get Dr. White?

  -- He                   already                 (send) for.

答案BAADD ；ABDCA ；DCDAB ；CBCAA； CDDCC； CABCD；

AD

1． have been traveling 2. have; swum 3. have; been playing 4. have visited 5 . have been touring

6. has; read 7. has been reading 8. have not been; enjoyed 9. has been discovered 10.has; been sent