考研英语阅读常见一词多义

考研英语阅读常见一词多义（ 考研英语阅读常见一词多义（一）(2008-05-01 23:08:02)——来此郑文辉博客 标签：考研英语 阅读理解 一词多义 分类：考研阅读 act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue, note 1) Act n. ①法案, 法令 ②动作, 举动 ③节目, (戏剧的) 幕 v. ①行动, 产生...的效果 ②担当 ③表演, 表现, 见效 (07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. （名）行为 这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即 记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。 (07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（动）行动 如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行动。 (06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic act. （名）行为 这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为 (96-02) The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. （名）法案 商业电视频道——ITV 和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化， 彼此 竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。 2) Appeal n. ①请求, 呼吁 ②上诉 ③吸引力 (appealing: 有吸引力的) v. ①求助, 诉求 ②控诉 (03-03) Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. （动）上诉 如果客户感到他们被多收费，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的“陆路运输局”以争取价格下 调。但这个过程耗财、耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。 (99-04) NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. （动词）呼吁 NBAC 的成员明确表示， 他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体 细胞核转移去克隆人。 3) Assume /Assumption v/n: ①假定, 设想 ②采取 ③呈现 ④承担 (05-01) Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. （名）假定，假设 这种行为被看作是“人之长情” ，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不 公平意识。 (98-02) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. （动）认为 商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。 (97-02) As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.

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（名）信念，假定 同任何发达国家一样， 一系列复杂的文化特征， 信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的 基础。 4) Claim v/n: ①索赔 ②声称 ③主张 (05-01) If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. （动）宣称 如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告， 我认为这是最可靠的证明， 即此商品一定与其宣传 名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。 (05-04) Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. （动）主张 同样的，对于诗歌来说，非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含 义的唯一形式。 (01-05) A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".（动）主张 一次平调伤了我的自尊心， 并阻断了我的事业发展， 这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业， 当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰性地声称“我只想与家人更多的呆在一起” 。 (00-05) In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. （动）声称 然而， 恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理 想。 (99-01) As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. （名）索赔 尽管个人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着， 但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方， 特别是在处 理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案件时。 (99-05) He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. （名）主张 他所提出的种种主张是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不仅他自己相信了，而且也说 服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。 5) Discipline n.①纪律 ②学科 n/v.训练 (96-03) The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. （名）纪律 罢工和封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。 (96-04) With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. （名）训练 由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑，美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。 6) Fair adj. ①(肤色)白皙的 ②(头发)金黄的 ③干净的 ④公平的⑤ (天气)晴朗的 n. 展览会, 市集 (07-03) During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on

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hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. （形容词）公平的 在过去的十几年里， 美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平竞争以维持其收入稳定的中 产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。 (03-02) For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals — no meat, no fur, no medicines. （名）集市 例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们 不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品——肉类，毛皮，药物。 7) Feature n.①特色,特征 ②特写 ③容貌, v.①是...的特色 ②特写,突出 ③放映 ④起重要作用 (07-02) For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” （动）特定，突出 在过去的几年， 《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》专门开设了一个名为“询问玛丽琳”的专 栏。 (06-04) Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. （动）特 定，突出 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。 (04-01) It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. （名）特点，特征 它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出 现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。 (98-05) The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. （名）特点，特征 但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征会使人想到这两个大陆曾经是连 在一起的。 8) Figure n. ①外形, 轮廓, 体形 ②图形, 画像 ③数字 ④名人, 人物, 身份 ⑤雕像 vt. ①认为 出现, ②考虑, 计算 (figure out) (07-02) It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. （动）计 算 有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答， 但是想象物体和计算数字模式的能 力却能使人找出答案，其中原因并不为人所知。 (06-03) Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. （名）数字 Worm 博士承认这些数字还只是保守数字 (05-04) American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. （名）人物 美国人已不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中能运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语。 (98-04) As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent — little more than two-thirds the 1960s' growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. （名）数字 结果， 加利福尼亚的人口增长率在 70 年代降到了 18.5％——略高于 60 年代增长数字的

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2/3，但大大低于西部其他各州。 9) Issue n.①出版, 发行 ②(报刊等)期、号 ③问题,事件 ④(水, 血等的)流出 v.①发行, 流出 ②发行(钞票等), 发布(命令), 出版(书等) (07-04) “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says. （名）问题 他表示“为安全、备份以及恢复确定适当的投资标准是一个管理问题，不是技术问题。 ” (06-01) Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. （名）问题 在美国是否存在分裂的问题和高涨的愤怒？答案是肯定的，因为这个国家足够大以至于什 么现象都存在。 (99-01) At the same time, the American Law Institute — a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight — issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. （动）发行，发布 与此同时，美国法学会——该学会由一群举足轻重的法官、律师、学者所组成——发布 了新的民事侵害法纲要， 宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险， 或者给顾客列出一份 冗长的可能造成的危险的清单。 (94-02) One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. （动）发行 1.3 亿美国人的手中至少持有一张银行发行的信用卡。 10) Note n. ①笔记 ②注解, 注释 ③票据 ④纸币 ⑤音符⑥涵义，暗示 v. ①注意到，指出 ②记录 (07-02) Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. （动）注意到，指出 Sternberg 指出，传统的测试最恰当地评估了分析能力和语言表达能力，但没有测量创 造性和实际知识，这些也是解决问题和在生活中取得成功的关键因素。 (00-03) But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge（名）注解 但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时， 则令人有点生厌， 注解中说该诗描写了一名土 耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生的搏斗 (00-05) There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. （名）涵义，暗示 这其中有着浓厚的虚伪色彩，恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样，受过良好教育的人自 己正骑在那些马背上。 考研英语阅读常见一词多义（ 考研英语阅读常见一词多义（二）(2008-05-22 11:14:02) 标签：考研阅读 一词多义 杂谈 分类：考研阅读 Interest yield odd account rest class long 1) Interest n. ①兴趣, 关心 ②利息,利益, 利害 vt.引起...的兴趣

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(07-03) Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. （名）利息 钢铁厂的工人、 航空公司的职员以及汽车产业工人加入了数百万不得不担心利率、 股市 波动以及可能比其退休收入存在时间更长的严酷现实家庭。 (04-01) "I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me," says the author of a job-searching guide. （动）引起兴趣 一位职业搜索指南的作者说： “我不会依赖代理在数据库增加的每一项内容里去逐一寻 找可能令我感兴趣的东西。 ” (04-02) Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. （名）兴趣 求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，也是按字母表顺序排序，当人 们费劲地向下查看时，兴趣随之索然。 2) Yield v. ①出产, 生长, 生产 ②(～ to)屈服, 屈从, 被取代 n. 产量, 收益 (06-03) That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. （名）产量 这确有其事，因为理论告诉我们如果一个渔场的总储量如果连起初的最大可承受的捕鱼 量的 50％都不到，就应该降低捕鱼数量了。 (00-01) Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. （动）屈服，屈从 没几个美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。 到 如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代。 3) Odd adj. ①奇数的, 单数的, (反义词 even: 偶数的) ②奇怪的 ③带零头的 n. (复数)可能性 at odds 争执；意见冲突 by all odds 毫无疑问地 (00-05) In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. （形）奇怪的 然而， 恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。 (07-03) Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation. （名）可能性 甚至人口统计状况也对中产阶层家庭不利，因为有一个体弱、年迈的父母——以及由此而 产生的所有物资和经济援助——就在仅仅一代人的时间里增长了 8 倍。 odds 意为"成败的机率或可能；几率；差别"，句中的意思是 possibility。 又如：The odds are that she will get the nomination on the first ballot. （她在第一轮选票中获得提名的可能性大。 ）

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4）Account ） n. ①计算, 帐目, ②说明, 论述 ③理由 v. ①说明, ②总计有, ③认为 take into account： 考虑（take into consideration） account for: ①占据，占……比重(后面一般接数字) ②解释，说明 (07-03) For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. （名）账户 在去年的大部分时间里， 布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模 式，要求退休人员将其大多数或所有保障报酬用来交换依靠投资回报所得的报酬。 (07-01) What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses （动）解释 什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测 (03-03) As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. （动）占据，占有 近至 1995 年，四家大型铁路公司占有整个铁路运输业务的约 70％。 (02-03) In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. （动）占据，占有 与 70 年代相比，现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额要小很多。 (01-04) Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. 跨国公司在 1982 年只占有国际贸易不到 20％的份额。 (96-01) Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. （名）说明，论述 同样，如果你想找一份工作，那就拿一张纸，写一份简历吧。 (06-03) Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. （名）考虑 Dr. Myers 和 Dr. worm 声称说，他们的工作已经确定了一个正确的基本方针，这个方针 是未来管理中必须要考虑使用的。 (96-05) "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. （名）论述 而“科学”创世纪论——当课堂上讲授进化论时，有些人就想争抢“相同的课时”来解释 它——是基于宗教，而非科学的。 5）Rest ） n. ①休息, 静止, ②其余, 其他 v. ①休息, 睡眠, 静止, ②依靠, 搁在, 取决于 (05-03) For the rest of us; the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. （名）其他 而对其他人来说，大脑有自动消除不良情绪的方法。 (98-05) When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. （动）依靠，搁在 当大陆板块漂移到热点上方，来自地球深层的物质便形成了巨大的圆顶状隆起物。 6）Class ） n. ①班级, ②阶级, 社会等级, ③种类, v. 把...分类(或分等级) (07-03) Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from

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solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. （名）阶级，阶层 如今， 一份解雇通知书、 一个不利的诊断结果或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内将一 个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成为一个新贫困家庭。 (06-01) Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. （名）阶级，阶层 他们不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设的专门商店， 而是创建了 “不分阶层和背景人 人都可以进入”的大众商店。 (00-03) This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. （动）归类 尽管这符合未来派诗歌的规则和要求，却很难被归入文学之列。 7）Long ） adj.长的 v. (long for) 渴望, 热望 as long as: 只要 in the long run: 长远来看 (02-04) If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide. as long as: 只要 假定你是一名医生，只要你并没有想让病人自杀，你就可以去冒你的病人自杀的风险。 (03-03) Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. in the long run: 长远来看 铁路公司对“被控”客户进行区别对待的依据是，从长远来看，这样做会降低所有人的 成本。 (98-03) Few would dispute that the term applied to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. （动）渴望，希望 将该词用在仇视现代文明的恐怖主义者身上，也不会引起多大争议，它在 1995 年公开 发表蔑视科学、渴望回到前技术时代理想社会的声明。