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Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯 Introduction （概述） Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. A condition known as idiopathic (cause unknown) scoliosis is most common in young adolescent females though it also occurs in boys. This form of scoliosis sometimes progresses slowly and may not be detected until a person is an adult. Scoliosis has a genetic component and frequently runs in families. Certain neuromuscular disorders such as muscular dystrophy can also cause scoliosis. Additionally asymmetric degeneration of the discs between vertebrae can cause scoliosis, particularly in adults. 脊柱侧弯是脊柱异常的弯曲。特发性（不明原因的）脊柱侧弯最常见于少女，当然男孩也有发生。这种类型的脊柱侧弯有时进展缓慢，直到成人才被发现。某些神经肌肉疾患比如肌营养不良也会引起脊柱侧弯。另外，椎间盘不对称地退变也会引起脊柱侧弯，尤其是成人。 Symptoms （症状） A typical spine, viewed from the side, has an elongated S-shape with the upper back curved outward and the lower back curved inward. The principal symptom of scoliosis is an abnormal curvature viewed from behind, most frequently in the upper back. One hip may be higher than the other, the shoulders and hips may be uneven, and one shoulder blade frequently appears more prominent than the other. The spine may also be rotated in from its normal position, causing the ribs on one side to be more prominent. Small curves usually cause no pain, but extensive curvature may cause back pain, breathing problems, and severe deformity. 正常脊柱，从侧向看，是拉长的“S”形，胸背部向后凸，腰部向前凸。脊柱侧弯主要的症状是从后面看上去异常的曲度，最常位于胸背部。髋部可能一边高一边低。双肩和双髋可能不对称，一侧肩胛骨常常显得比另一侧更加突起。脊柱可能旋转，偏离正常的位置，导致一侧的肋骨更为突出。如果侧弯角度较小，往往不引起疼痛，如果较大，则会引起背痛、影响呼吸及严重的畸形。 Causes （病因） The cause of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown, but a family history of scoliosis increases the risk. Contrary to some beliefs, scoliosis is not caused by poor posture or carrying loads on the back. Adult onset scoliosis is typically caused by asymmetric disc degeneration where one side of the spine experiences degenerative conditions more than the other. 特发性脊柱侧弯的病因不为人知，然而有脊柱侧弯家族史会增加风险。脊柱侧弯并不象某些人想象的那样是姿势不正或背负重物引起的。成人后发病的脊柱侧弯往往由椎间盘不对称退变引起，这时，一侧脊柱比另一侧退变更严重。 Summary （总结） In idiopathic scoliosis, the abnormal curve usually causes no pain, but deformity of the back may be noticed by family members. Regular screening by a health care practitioner can often detect curves while they are still small. Adult onset scoliosis due to asymmetric disc degeneration is typically associated with pain and stiffness. Treatment of idiopathic curves generally involves preventing the curve from becoming worse with a brace. Where there is an extensive curve or a high likelihood of the curve progressing, surgery can be done to correct as much of the curvature as possible and fuse the spine to prevent future problems. 对于特发性脊柱侧弯，异常的弯曲通常不引起疼痛，但背部畸形往往会被家庭成员发现。定期由专业人员进行健康检查可以早期发现侧弯。成人后发病的脊柱侧弯由椎间盘不对称性退变引起，往往伴有疼痛和僵硬。特发性脊柱侧弯的治疗通常包括用支具防止侧弯加重，如果脊柱严重，或进展迅速，则需进行手术，尽可能纠正弯曲，并进行脊柱融合，以防止进展。 （高晨珉 转） |
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