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【双语文献】揭秘《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》的背后真相

 金苹果6 2019-06-25

【按】2016年10月25-29日上海乐器展期间,上海音乐学院将举办首届上音吉他艺术节。该艺术节艺节特邀国际大师:罗孚山、庄村清志以及我国青年才俊:刘宪绩、吴优、吴虞等联合奉献多场音乐会、论坛和大师班。最为耀眼的亮点应属10月28日,庄村清志、刘宪绩、罗孚山和吴优将携手上海大地交响乐团在国内首次举办古典吉他协奏曲专场,开创国内古典吉他协奏曲的先河。其中庄村清志大师就会演奏这首不朽的《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》。特翻译本篇文献,表达对上音艺术节协奏曲专场的期待之情。

译者 韩洪涛

神秘而令人向往的阿兰胡埃斯

The Truth About Rodrigo’s ‘Concierto de Aranjuez’

罗德里格《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》的创作真相

SEPARATING MYTH FROM FACT探寻事实,拨开迷雾

by Graham Wade

作者 格拉汉姆·韦德

翻译 韩洪涛

本文作者和作曲家华金·罗德里格

JoaquínRodrigo’s Concierto deAranjuezis one of the miraculous compositions of the 20th century. My library of recordings contains over a hundred versions, yet the work retains its freshness and spontaneity however many times I hear it.

华金·罗德里格的《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》是20世纪神奇的作品之一。我收藏唱片中,有一百多种这首协奏曲的版本,可是无论我听过多少次这首曲子,每次都会有新鲜感和抑制不住冲动。

One of my most treasured possessions is a copy of the miniature score signed with a sweet inion by the composer and dated April 6, 1993. Some guitarists have ventured to criticize Rodrigo’s scoring, though it would be difficult for them to tell what they would put in its place. Such criticism is like finding fault with the perfect action of a Swiss clock that has been keeping accurate time for half a century, or seeing imperfections in a painting by the French painterJean-Antoine Watteau.

最让我视为珍宝的收藏之一便是一份该曲谱的缩印版,上面有作曲家亲切的签名字样,日期是1993年4月6日。一些吉他家大胆的批评罗德里格的谱曲中瑕疵,虽然他们很难搞清如果他们作曲的话,他们在那些地方会写些什么。这些批评就好像是对已经保持50年精准运行的瑞士手表挑三拣四,亦或像从法国画家让·安东尼·华多的画作中窥探瑕疵。

【语言注释】1. 第二段中的sweet inion的sweet一词,在此处不能理解为“甜蜜的”,而是“亲切的”之意。2. score一词是多义词,可以表示“得分”。但在音乐中主要有两个意思:一是名词,“曲谱”;二是动词,“作曲、谱曲”。

【视频:耶佩斯大师演奏的《阿兰胡埃斯》,本次艺术节庄村清志先生便是他的学生】

Of course,various mythologies have spun themselves around the creation of the Aranjuez—charming but highly questionable. One familiar fable, for example, is that Rodrigo and his wife Victoria de Kamhi spent their honeymoon in Aranjuez, Spain, and that was a large inspiration for the piece.

当然,关于《阿兰胡埃斯》创作产生本身就有各种各样的神秘之处 – 它既魅力诱人,但同时又疑问重重。例如,一个为人所熟知的传闻是:罗德里格和他的妻子维多利亚·de·卡米在西班牙的阿兰胡埃斯度蜜月时,给了他创作这部作品的主要灵感。

What happened was that the couple married on January 19, 1933, and the next day traveled to Madrid to set up their first home. Victoria’s diary gives the facts:

当时的情况是:这对伉俪于1933年1月19日成婚,次日便动身去了马德里建立他们第一个家。维多利亚的日记透露了具体的细节:

After the wedding banquet, Joaquín and I went for along walk along the beach . . .The following morning we set out for Madrid byautomobile . . .The first months in Madrid passed tranquilly. We had rented afurnished apartment on Castelló Street . . . . On sunny days we made excursionsto Aranjuez, Alcalá de Henares—how sick I was after eating tripe there—to ElEscorial and to Toledo.

婚宴之后,我和华金沿着海滩漫步了很长时间… 次日早上,我们启程乘汽车前往马德里…在马德里的头几个月度过的非常宁静。我们在卡斯特罗大街上租了一套带有家具的公寓… 天气晴好的时候,我们会外出远行去阿兰胡埃斯和阿尔卡拉·德·埃纳雷斯游玩– 在那里我吃了牛肚之后非常不舒服。我们也去了艾斯克里亚尔和托莱多。

Such“excursions” were not languid stays in hotels, for the couple was without moneyor employment. These were day-trips by train (hardly what could be called a“honeymoon”). Aranjuez, it should also be remembered, is often a miserableplace in winter, with cold winds and desolate spaces.

这样的“外出远行”并不是慵懒地呆在宾馆里,应为这对小夫妻当时并没有什么前,也没有工作。这些外出都是乘火车的一日游(几乎不能称其为“蜜月”之旅)。我们都应该清楚,阿兰胡埃斯在冬季通常是个令人难以忍受的地方,寒风刺骨、荒无人烟。

【语言注释】1. 第三自然段中的spun一词是spin的过去分词,本意指“旋转”,在本文中指某事“纠缠不断”的意思。2. 注意后面的around一词不要单纯地理解为“围绕”,在此处相当于about和around的结合含义。3. large inspiration中的large一词,不要翻译成“大的”,而根据汉语习惯翻译成“主要的”。

20世纪伟大的盲人作曲家华金·罗德里格

But when Rodrigo completed his new composition in 1939, he was in need of a title. He may have considered a resonant name from among the places the couple had visited five years previously. After Victoria’s experience of eating tripe, the concierto could hardly be named Conciertode Alcalá de Henares. Moreover, Concierto Escorialwould celebrate a historical monument, but the place is formidably grim, different from the musical atmosphere evoked.Concierto de Toledoat that time would be too clearly political, following a famous siege there during the Spanish Civil War.

但当罗德里格1939年完成了他的新作时,他需要为之起一个题目。他有可能考虑过从他们五年前曾经去过的去过的地方中挑选出一个响亮的名字。维多利亚在阿兰胡埃斯曾经有过吃牛肚的不愉快的经历,因此这部协奏曲的名字不太可能叫《阿尔卡拉·德·埃纳雷斯协奏曲》。另外,要是叫《艾斯克里亚尔协奏曲》的话,是在赞颂有纪念意义的历史遗迹,但是那个地方却阴森可怖,与作品所产生的音乐氛围大相径庭。如果叫《托莱多协奏曲》的话,在当时太具有政治敏感性,会使人想起随后在二战期间著名的围攻之战。

These days, Conciertode Aranjuezsits harmoniously on the Spanish tongue (though not easy for foreigners to pronounce!). Since the naming of the concerto and its extraordinary fame, a kind of cult has arisen round Aranjuez. The town is now presumed (especially by those who have not been there) to be the most enticing paradise in Spain. Yet an English writer, John Lomas, writing in 1902, commented that if the Spanish court were absent, Aranjuez was an “otherwise dull and monotonous place.”

现如今,《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》在西班牙语中发音十分和谐动听(虽然外国人发好这个名字的发音十分不易!)。由于协奏曲以该地命名,加之作品非凡的美誉度,人们对阿兰胡埃斯便形成了一种狂热的崇拜之情。现在人们都认定这个城市是西班牙最为诱人的天堂(尤其对那些从来没有去过这个地方的人来说)。然而,1902年的时候,一位英国作家约翰·洛马斯曾经如此评价:如果西班牙的宫廷不在该地的话,阿兰胡埃斯就便是一个“乏味而单调的地方”。

In summer,the Aranjuez gardens are beautiful, indeed. But such is the lure of Rodrigo’smusic that nowadays one cannot walk through its leafy avenues without thinkingof the Aranjuez. Thecomposer has mesmerized the world with his wonderful inspiration, and madeAranjuez his very own.

夏季时,阿兰胡埃斯的花园确实很美丽。但罗德里格的音乐如此的诱人,以至于如今当人们即使漫步在落叶飘零的大道时,没有人不会想起《阿兰胡埃斯》。作曲家用他精彩无比的音乐灵感迷惑了整个世界对阿兰胡埃斯的想象,形成了作曲家自己打造的阿兰胡埃斯。

Another pervasive myth is that the slow movement was a cry of pain written concerning Victoria’s miscarriage in the spring of 1939. Many tears have been shed ’round this myth and much passion expended. But the story contradicts information in a letter Rodrigo wrote in 1943.

另外一个流传甚广的传闻是:协奏曲中的慢板乐章是一种痛苦的哭泣,描述了1939年春天维多利亚的那次流产的经历。这个传闻博取了许多人的眼泪,耗费了无数人的热情。但是这个故事却与罗德里格在1943年写的一封书信中的信息相互矛盾、截然不同。

The writing of the Aranjuezwas sparked by a dinner in Santanderin September 1938, a pleasant evening shared by Rodrigo, guitarist Regino Saínzde la Maza, and the Marqués de Bolarqué. During this occasion, it was suggested Rodrigo should compose a guitar concerto, to which he agreed.

《阿兰胡埃斯》的创作灵感的触发缘于1938年9月在桑坦德的一次晚宴,罗德里格、吉他演奏家雷吉诺·塞恩斯和博拉尔克侯爵一起度过了一个愉快的夜晚。在此期间,有人提议罗德里格应该创作一部吉他协奏曲,他随即同意了。

On October11, 1943, Rodrigo wrote:

1943年10月11日,罗德里格在信中写到:

I remember also (I don’t know why, but everything relating to the Concierto de Aranjuez remains in my memory), that one morning,two months afterwards, I found myself in my little study in the rue SaintJacques, in the heart of the Latin quarter [in Paris],thinking vaguely about the concert. . . I heard the complete theme of the adagio singing inside my head, all at once without any hesitation, and almost identical to that which you will hear.And then immediately, with hardly any transition, came the theme of the thirdmovement, exactly the same as appears in the work . . .

我还记得(我不知道为什么,但一切和《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》有关的东西依然都存在于我的记忆中):在那次晚宴两个月后的一天早上,我自己呆在位于(巴黎)拉丁区中心的圣雅克路的小书房里,迷迷糊糊地思考者协奏曲…我仿佛听见慢板的完整主题在我脑海歌唱,猛然间就出现了而且一气呵成,几乎就和你之后听到的音乐一模一样。接着,几乎没有任何的过渡,第三乐章的主题便立即出现了,就和作品中的音乐完全相同。

If the adagio and the final allegro transported me asif by inspiration. . . . I came upon the first movement by way of reflection,calculation, and willpower. This was the last of the three to be written, so Iended the work where it actually began. For that I had no more awareness thanthat I was just writing a movement, the first.

如果说慢板和最后的快板乐章似乎是灵感突发随即而得的话… 我是通过深思熟虑、不懈努力的方式而得到的第一乐章。这一部分是三个乐章中最后一个完成的,所以我是从作品的开始部分结束这部作品的创作的。这部分的创作中,我非常清楚地意识到自己只不过需要完成一个乐章,即第一乐章。

Two monthsafter the Santander dinner would be November 1938, not the following May (whenVictoria suffered the miscarriage). If Rodrigo could retain in his memory everything relating to the Aranjuez,it would seem strange that the loss of a child was not mentioned.

桑坦德晚宴之后的两个月应该就是1938年的11月,而不是次年的五月份(此时维多利亚正经历着流产的痛苦)。假如罗德里格有关《阿兰胡埃斯》的所有记忆都保存在脑海中的话,他从未提起过曾经失去过一个孩子似乎就有些不合常理了。

That Rodrigo himself may have helped to perpetrate myths about his own masterwork is not surprising. He was the supreme poet of 20th-century Spanish music, the maker of songs and legends. Rodrigo was not a man who would let crude facts interfere with a good fable. Whatever the accretions of mythology, the music itself bears testimony to his genius.

罗德里格本人有可能造就了关于他自己的这部杰作的神秘传闻,这一点也不奇怪。他是20世纪西班牙音乐的出色的诗人,也是歌曲和传奇的创造者。罗德里格并不愿意让真实的事实去破坏美好的传闻。无论神秘传闻怎样层出不穷,作品本身已经充分地证明了他的无与伦比的天才。

TheConcierto de Aranjuezremains the immortal final statement of the great traditions of Spanish romanticism.

《阿兰胡埃斯协奏曲》将永远是西班牙浪漫主义伟大传统的最终而不朽的证明。

【语言注释】1.倒数第2段一开始的That是个引导词,不能理解为“那个”之意,它引导一个主语从句,而且不能省略(宾语从句的that经常省略)。2. crude在此处之事实最本来的面目和状态。3. statement可以指“声明,宣言”,在此处灵活地处理成“证明”。

【音乐纪录片:纪念罗德里格- 阿兰胡埃斯】

主办:上海音乐学院

艺术总监:廖昌永

总策划:叶登民

承办: 上音现代器乐与打击乐系

协办: 华天吉韵古典吉他教育促进会

时间: 2016年10月25日至28日

地点: 上海音乐学院

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