玩转Android Camera开发(二):使用TextureView和SurfaceTexture预览Camera 基础拍照demo

QomoIT 2019-07-04

展开全文

Google自Android4.0出了TextureView，为什么推出呢？就是为了弥补Surfaceview的不足，另外一方面也是为了平衡GlSurfaceView，当然这是本人揣度的。关于TextureView、Surfaceview、SurfaceTexture、GLSurfaceView的关系，待咱家推出GLSurfaceview预览Camera后再专门分析。本文主要介绍使用TextureView预览Camera。

其实关于如何用TextureView预览Camera，官网已经给出了demo，参见这里。另外，链接1 链接2也给出了完整的预览Camera的demo，但都是一堆东西染在一块。本文就利用前文搭建的一个轻量级的Camera框架来快速替换掉Surfaceview。因为用Surfaceview预览的话传一个SurfaceHolder进去，用Textureview预览的话需要传进去一个SurfaceTexture。其他的Camera流程不变。

一、新建CameraTextureView类继承TextureView，并实现TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener接口。实现这个接口就像实现SurfaceHolder.Callback，最主要的目的是在SurfaceTexture准备好后能够知道，也即onSurfaceTextureAvailable这个函数。

CameraTextureView.java

package org.yanzi.camera.preview;
import org.yanzi.camera.CameraInterface;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.TextureView;
public class CameraTextureView extends TextureView implements TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener {
	private static final String TAG = "yanzi";
	Context mContext;
	SurfaceTexture mSurface;
	public CameraTextureView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		mContext = context;
		this.setSurfaceTextureListener(this);
	}
	@Override
	public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surface, int width,
			int height) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureAvailable...");
		mSurface = surface;
//		CameraInterface.getInstance().doStartPreview(surface, 1.33f);
	}
	@Override
	public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surface) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureDestroyed...");
		CameraInterface.getInstance().doStopCamera();
		return true;
	}
	@Override
	public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surface, int width,
			int height) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged...");
	}
	@Override
	public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surface) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureUpdated...");
	}
	/* 让Activity能得到TextureView的SurfaceTexture
	 * @see android.view.TextureView#getSurfaceTexture()
	 */
	public SurfaceTexture _getSurfaceTexture(){
		return mSurface;
	}
}

二、在布局文件里把它加上就行了，因为他的父类就是View，当成一般的View就行

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas./apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas./tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".CameraActivity" >
    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
        <org.yanzi.camera.preview.CameraTextureView
            android:id="@+id/camera_textureview"
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="0dip" />
    </FrameLayout>
    <ImageButton
        android:id="@+id/btn_shutter"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/btn_shutter_background"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" 
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"/>
</RelativeLayout>

三、在CameraInterface里，我封装了两个函数:

/**使用Surfaceview开启预览
	 * @param holder
	 * @param previewRate
	 */
	public void doStartPreview(SurfaceHolder holder, float previewRate){
		Log.i(TAG, "doStartPreview...");
		if(isPreviewing){
			mCamera.stopPreview();
			return;
		}
		if(mCamera != null){
			try {
				mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			initCamera(previewRate);
		}
	}
	/**使用TextureView预览Camera
	 * @param surface
	 * @param previewRate
	 */
	public void doStartPreview(SurfaceTexture surface, float previewRate){
		Log.i(TAG, "doStartPreview...");
		if(isPreviewing){
			mCamera.stopPreview();
			return;
		}
		if(mCamera != null){
			try {
				mCamera.setPreviewTexture(surface);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			initCamera(previewRate);
		}
	}

分别对应Surfaceview和TextureView预览。可以看到就是传进来的参数不一样，initCamera()的东西都一样。

	private void initCamera(float previewRate){
		if(mCamera != null){
			mParams = mCamera.getParameters();
			mParams.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);//设置拍照后存储的图片格式
//			CamParaUtil.getInstance().printSupportPictureSize(mParams);
//			CamParaUtil.getInstance().printSupportPreviewSize(mParams);
			//设置PreviewSize和PictureSize
			Size pictureSize = CamParaUtil.getInstance().getPropPictureSize(
					mParams.getSupportedPictureSizes(),previewRate, 800);
			mParams.setPictureSize(pictureSize.width, pictureSize.height);
			Size previewSize = CamParaUtil.getInstance().getPropPreviewSize(
					mParams.getSupportedPreviewSizes(), previewRate, 800);
			mParams.setPreviewSize(previewSize.width, previewSize.height);
			mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
//			CamParaUtil.getInstance().printSupportFocusMode(mParams);
			List<String> focusModes = mParams.getSupportedFocusModes();
			if(focusModes.contains("continuous-video")){
				mParams.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);
			}
			mCamera.setParameters(mParams);	
			mCamera.startPreview();//开启预览
			isPreviewing = true;
			mPreviwRate = previewRate;
			mParams = mCamera.getParameters(); //重新get一次
			Log.i(TAG, "最终设置:PreviewSize--With = " + mParams.getPreviewSize().width
					+ "Height = " + mParams.getPreviewSize().height);
			Log.i(TAG, "最终设置:PictureSize--With = " + mParams.getPictureSize().width
					+ "Height = " + mParams.getPictureSize().height);
		}
	}

四、在Activity里，依旧开一个线程去open Camera:

		Thread openThread = new Thread(){
			@Override
			public void run() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				CameraInterface.getInstance().doOpenCamera(CameraActivity.this);
			}
		};
		openThread.start();

在Camera Open完的回调里开预览:

	@Override
	public void cameraHasOpened() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		SurfaceTexture surface = textureView._getSurfaceTexture();
		CameraInterface.getInstance().doStartPreview(surface, previewRate);
	}

之后就能正常运行了，可以看到与前文Surfaceview预览Camera 改动非常之小。

几个注意事项:

1、TextureView是Android 4.0之后加入的，低版本么这个类。TextureView必须工作在开启硬件加速的环境中，也即配置文件里Activity的设置项里：android:hardwareAccelerated="true" 默认的这个属性就是true，因此不用再写了。但如果写成false，可以看到onSurfaceTextureAvailable()这个回调就进不来了，TextureView没有了SurfaceTexture还玩个屁啊。

2、本文demo打开camera并预览的正常log是:

<span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS';font-size:18px;">	Line 417: 06-22 12:37:43.682 I/yanzi   ( 4917): Camera open....
	Line 489: 06-22 12:37:43.758 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureAvailable...
	Line 533: 06-22 12:37:43.819 I/yanzi   ( 4917): Camera open over....
	Line 535: 06-22 12:37:43.819 I/yanzi   ( 4917): doStartPreview...
	Line 537: 06-22 12:37:43.825 I/yanzi   ( 4917): PictureSize : w = 1280h = 720
	Line 539: 06-22 12:37:43.825 I/yanzi   ( 4917): PreviewSize:w = 800h = 448
	Line 555: 06-22 12:37:43.874 I/yanzi   ( 4917): 最终设置:PreviewSize--With = 800Height = 448
	Line 557: 06-22 12:37:43.874 I/yanzi   ( 4917): 最终设置:PictureSize--With = 1280Height = 720
	Line 577: 06-22 12:37:44.106 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...
	Line 579: 06-22 12:37:44.138 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...
	Line 583: 06-22 12:37:44.169 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...
	Line 585: 06-22 12:37:44.220 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...
	Line 587: 06-22 12:37:44.253 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...</span>

测试手机为中兴Geek，这个手机Camera还是很牛逼的，比手里的华为G700强，就是偶尔会连不上Camera Service，汗。从log可以看到，onSurfaceTextureAvailable这个回调需要一定时间。Camera.open()这句话用了130多ms。但有两点跟Surfaceview不同。第一，TextureView创建过程中没有进到onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged()这个函数里。而SurfaceView在创建过程中，从无到有的时候会进到大小发生变化回调里。第二，onSurfaceTextureUpdated()这个函数每上来一帧数据，这块就进来一次。这是跟Surfaceview相比，最伟大的一个地方。通过这个接口，可以将上来的SurfaceTexture送给OpenGL再去处理。这个回调是实时的，而非用Camera的PreviewCallback这种2次回调的方式。从时间看，基本上每32ms左右上来一帧数据，即每秒30帧，跟本手机的Camera的性能吻合。

3、Camera再执行startPreview时必须保证TextureView的SurfaceTexture上来了，如果因为一些性能原因onSurfaceTextureAvailable()这个回调上不来就开预览，就开不了的。如果发生这种情况，就在onSurfaceTextureAvailable()回调里执行open和startPreview操作，保证万无一失。

4、TextureView本身就有getSurfaceTexture()这个函数，我又封装了个:

	/* 让Activity能得到TextureView的SurfaceTexture
	 * @see android.view.TextureView#getSurfaceTexture()
	 */
	public SurfaceTexture _getSurfaceTexture(){
		return mSurface;
	}

这里的mSurface就是onSurfaceTextureAvailable()回调里传上来的SurfaceTexture。测试证明，开预览时直接调

textureView.getSurfaceTexture(),把它传给Camera： mCamera.setPreviewTexture(surface);也是能正常预览的。但是推荐使用前者，原因见官方上的这段话:

A TextureView's SurfaceTexture can be obtained either by invoking getSurfaceTexture() or by using a TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener. It is important to know that a SurfaceTexture is available only after the TextureView is attached to a window (and onAttachedToWindow() has been invoked.) It is therefore highly recommended you use a listener to be notified when the SurfaceTexture becomes available.

两种方式获得SurfaceTexture，推荐使用监听。因为只有在TextureView执行完onAttachedToWindow时，它的tSurfaceTexture才上来。

5、SurfaceTexture和TextureView的关系:

Using a TextureView is simple: all you need to do is get its SurfaceTexture. The SurfaceTexture can then be used to render content

如果说TextureView是一幅画的话，那SurfaceTexture就是画布，真正渲染的载体是SurfaceTexture。

6、TextureView可以像一般View执行各种变化，其中有个textureView.setAlpha(1.0f);默认不写这句话，它的alpha也是1.0f,即不透明。如果设成透明0.0f，可以看到啥都看不到了，这一点跟Surfaceview刚好相反。Surfaceview的SurfaceHolder一般要设一下Transparent即透明。但TextureView因为是个view，任何一个png的照片透明度设成0肯定啥都看不到。

7、如果认为预览个Camera这就是TextureView和SurfaceTexture的使命的话，就大错特错了，真正用意是和OpenGL无缝连接。

--------------------本文系原创，转载请注明作者yanzi1225627

版本号:PlayCamera_V2.0.0[2014-6-22].zip

CSDN下载链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yanzi1225627/7540903

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