Science of The Total Environment：基于中国第五次总膳食研究的健康风险...

中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院岑况教授课题组依据中国第五次总膳食研究数据分析了中国居民的八种重金属摄入水平和健康风险。相关成果发表于Science of The Total Environment（IF=5.589）。

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Highlights

·Cereals and vegetables are the main dietary sources of Al, As, iAs, Cd, and Cr.

·Aquatic foods are the important dietary exposure source for As, Hg, and MeHg.

·Dietary exposure of Pb included cereals, vegetables, meats, beverages and water.

·Dietary intake of As and Cr by China's residents are worthy of attention.

·Dietary intake of HMs are determined by HM contents and dietary structures. 

Abstract

The total diet study (TDS) is a significant part of food consumption-based health risk assessment. Since 1990, China has conducted five TDSs based on its unique food culture. In the present study, the health risks of residents from 20 regions of China are assessed by comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) with adequate intake (AI) for Cr, and the estimated dietary exposure (EDE) with the reference dose (RfD) for seven toxic heavy metals (THMs), which are Al, As, inorganic arsenic (iAs), Cd, Hg, methyl mercury (MeHg), and Pb. The original data were sourced from the 5th China TDS. The data indicated the following: (1) Cereals and vegetables were the main dietary exposure sources of Al, As, iAs, Cd, and Cr; aquatic foods were the important dietary exposure source for As, Hg, and MeHg, especially for the residents from coastal regions. (2) Compared to other elements, Pb had more dietary exposure sources, which included cereals, vegetables, meats, and beverages and water. (3) Potatoes, beverages and water, and meats were the important sources of Al, iAs, and Cr. The results showed that the average level of the dietary intake of Cr was 11 times higher than the AI, as determined from the ratio of EDI to Al. Moreover, the hazard quotients (HQs) of Al, iAs, Cd, Hg, MeHg, and Pb were <1, while that of As (6.49) was >1; therefore, the EDIs of As and Cr by the residents of China are worthy of attention. Additionally, the discrepancies in the dietary exposures of HMs by the residents were due to the different HM contents among different types of foods, and the different dietary structures.

总膳食研究（TDS）是基于食品消费的健康风险评估的重要组成部分。自1990年以来，中国依据我国独特的饮食文化开展了五次总膳食研究。本研究通过比较铬（Cr）的估计每日摄入量（EDI）和适宜摄入量（AI），以及比较其他七种有毒重金属[THMs，包括铝（Al）、砷（As）、无机砷（iAs）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、甲基汞（MeHg）和铅（Pb）]的估计饮食暴露量（EDE）与参考剂量（RfD）来评估中国20个地区的居民的健康风险。原始数据来源于中国的第五次总膳食研究。数据显示：（1）谷类和蔬菜是Al、As、iAs、Cd和Cr的主要膳食暴露源；水产品是As、Hg、MeHg的重要膳食暴露源，尤其是对沿海地区居民。（2）与其他元素相比，Pb的膳食暴露源较多，包括谷类、蔬菜、肉类、饮料和水。（3）马铃薯、饮料、水和肉类是Al、iAs和Cr的重要来源。结果表明，膳食中Cr的平均摄入量是适宜摄入量的11倍（由估计每日摄入量与适宜摄入量的比值计算）；此外，Al、iAs、Cd、Hg、MeHg、Pb的危害系数（HQs）均小于1，As（6.49）的危害系数大于1，因此，中国居民的As和Cr的估计每日摄入量值得关注。此外，居民饮食中重金属含量的差异是由于不同类型食物中重金属含量的不同以及饮食结构的不同造成的。