46.4.1 -- 介词的省略

46.4.1 -- 介词的省略

介词的省略

1. 在 It is no use(in) doing sth. 等结构中, 动名词前的 in(at)常可省略

常见的这类结构有:

It is no use (in) doing sth.

It is no good (in) doing sth.

There is no hurry (in) doing sth.

be busy(late,weary) (in) doing sth.

busy(employ, occupy) oneself (in) doing sth.

take turns (in, at ) doing sth.

be long (in) doing sth. (迟做某事)

There is no point (in) doing sth. (做某事无意义)

There is no use (good) (in) doing sth.

spend(lose, pass,waste) time (money, energy) (in) doing sth.

have trouble(hard time, difficulty, struggle, good time, business) (in) doing sth.

be employed, engaged, occupied (in) doing sth. 从事于, 忙碌于

She employs herself (in) writing. 她从事写作。

He is engaged (in) preparing for the evening party.

He has no business (in) saying such things about me. 他无权谈论我的长短。

She lost no time (in) rewriting the book. 她很快就开始重写那本书了 。

.... 但是, 当 spend time(money) (in)doing sth. 结构用于被动语态时, in 不可省。 例如:

They spent a large sum of money (in) building the tower.

A large sum of money was spent in building the tower.

2. 当关系 代词(what, whose), 关系副词(how, when) 以及 whether 引 导从句或不定式短

语时, 其前面的 of, about,as to 等常可省略

I am not aware (of ) how he got it.

She had no idea (as to) what to do.

He hesitated (about) what to say next.

3. 在表示一段时间或方式的短语中的 for, in,by, at 等常常省略。 但是在否定句中或引 导介词短语位于句首时, for 一般不可省略

The snowy weather lasted (for ) two weeks.

He remained single (for ) all his lif e.

We haven't seen each other for two years.

Don't treat her (in) that way.

They bound him (by) hand and foot. 他们把他的手脚都捆起来了 。

He doesn't do it (in) the way I do. 他没有照我的方式去做。

They came (at ) full speed. 他们全速赶来。

4. at, in, of, from,by,with 在某些句子结构中可以省略

常见的这类结构有:

What's the use (of ) crying?

There are a lot of trees on this side (of) the hill.

Can you prevent him (from) smoking more?

He earned a lot of money (by) selling newspapers.

He sent the letter (by) express (airmail).

The housewife cooked (in) the Italian style.

The naughty boy stood before the teacher, (with his) head bowed.

She wasn't (at ) home when I got back. 我回来时, 她不在家。

He stood (at) the back of the tree. 他站在树的后面。

Note: near, next 和 opposite 后的 to 常被省略, 但当 next to 作”几乎” 解时, to 不可省。例如:

The college is next (opposite) the park. (省略了 to)

It is next to impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。 (不可省略 to)

5. 表语名词 age、 colour 等前的 of 可以省略

当表语为 age, colour, weight, length, width, help, design, shape, size, thickness, height,volume, no use 等时, 其前的 of 可以省略。 例如:

The two machines are (of) the same design. 这两台 机器是同 一个型号的。

The boys are (of) the same height. 这两个男孩个头一样高。

They are (of) the same age. 他们同 龄。

(Of ) What size is your hat? 你的帽子几号?

(Of ) What price is this pen? 这支钢笔多 少钱?

Have you seen any fish (of ) that size? 你见过那样大小的鱼吗?

(Of ) What size shall I make the box? 我把盒子做成多 大?

6. 两个介词短语连用时的介词省略问题

当 instead of 或并列连词 or, and, either....or, both....and, not only....but (also)等连接两个介词短语时, 如果两个介词相同, 第二个介词常可省略。 例如:

You may go there by train or (by) plane. 你可以乘火车或乘飞机去那里。

You should think not only of getting but (of) giving. 你不应只想到索取, 还要想到付出。

She came to the island both for work and (for ) play. 她来到这座岛上, 既为了 工作, 也为了 游玩。

You may do the work either with John or (with) Mary. 你可以同 约翰或玛丽一起做这项工作。

She sent the money to Helen instead of (to) Kate. 她把钱寄给了 海伦, 而没有寄给凯特。

That is a matter of life and (of ) death. 那是一件生死攸关的事情。

.... 但表示强烈对照时, 介词不可省。 例如:

Are they paid by day or by month? 他们是按天付钱还是按月 付钱?

Note: 如果 and 或 or 连接的两个介词短语的宾语相同, 通常要把第一个宾语省略, 以求简洁。 例如:

They usually started to climb the mountain before or after the sunrise. 他们通常在日 出前后开始爬山。

I don't know whether she is for or against the plan. 我不知道她是赞同 还是反对这项计划。

They carried the old man up and down the hill. 他们把那位老人抬上山, 又抬下山。

7. 某些动词后的介词可以省略

某些动词后的介词可以省略, 这时, 原来的不及物动词就成为及物动词。 例如:

She passed (by) my window. 她从我窗前走过。

He ruled (over ) the kingdom. 他统治着那个王国。

He succeeded (to) Jim in the office. 他接替吉姆的办公室工作。

He jumped (over) the stream. 他跳过小溪。

She lamented (over ) his death. 她哀悼他的去世。

He mourned (over) his failure. 他为失败而伤心。

Moonlight penetrated (into) the room. 月 光洒进房间。

They roamed (about, over ) the world. 他们漫游在世界各地。

Don't mock (at) anyone. 不要嘲笑任何人。

He repented (of) his folly. 他后悔自 己的不智。

She owned (to) her fault. 她承认了 自 己的错误。

She testified (to) his honesty. 她证实他的诚实。

She shared (in) my sorrows. 她分担我的痛 苦。

He trod (on) her left foot. 他踩了 她的左脚。

He confessed (to) stealing the money. 他承认偷了 钱。

Let us drink (to) his health. 让我们为他的健康干杯。

They approached (to) the village. 他们走近那个村庄。

He ceased (from) smoking. 他戒烟了 。

She admitted (to) bribing the boss. 她承认贿赂了 老板。

He attained (to) fame. 他成名了 。

He sought (after, for ) fame and wealth. 他求名求利。

She pondered (over, on) the suggestion. 她认真考虑那个建议。

The essay treats (of) a new problem. 这篇文章探讨一个新的问题。

They have fled (from) the town. 他们逃离了 那座小城。