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由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”，这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。只有注意观察引起倒装的原因，才能更准确地理解句子的含义。为了使句子的某成分突出，我们还会使用强调，而倒装语序大多都用于强调。 重点分析之一：●倒装句之全部倒装● ●一●、 Here, There, Now, Then, Thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your book. ●二●、表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. A head sat an old woman. ●三●、表+be+主 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 例如：Here he comes. Away theywent. 重点分析之二：●倒装句之部分倒装● ●四●、句首为否定或半否定的词语 如no, not, never, seldom, little,hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such aperformance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Notuntil the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seensuch a performance. The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fellasleep. ●五●、以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, Nosooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticizedthe sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. ●六●、so, neither,nor作部分倒装 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。 Bob can speak French. So can Jack. If they won’t go, neither will I ●七●、only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does she ever stay in bed. ●八●、as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词,分词, 实义动词提前）。 注意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he neverseems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 ●九●、其他部分倒装 so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that hedid not dare to move an inch. |
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