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上期试题：成人的椎体结核和椎体肿瘤在X线片上的主要鉴别点是d a、椎体破坏程度 b、是否有死骨形成 c、椎旁软骨组织的阴影 d、椎间隙是否变狭窄或消失 e、椎体骨质疏松程度 先天性肩胛骨高位症： 先天性肩胛骨高位症又称肩胛骨下降不全，系罕见先天畸形。又称Sprengel畸形。该病临床较少见，发病多为单侧，双侧十分罕见，系因胚胎时期，肩胛骨下降过程发生障碍所致。高位的肩胛骨借纤维带、软骨或骨与颈椎相连接。女性居多。X线发现肩胛骨高位、发育短小及旋转，其内缘与颈椎间可见骨桥相连。 Disease, also known as congenital scapula high shoulder blades down is not complete, is a rare congenital malformations. Also called Sprengel deformity. Clinical is rare, the disease incidence of unilateral and bilateral are rare, caused the embryonic period, the shoulder blade obstacles caused by falling process. High blade borrow fiber tape, cartilage or bone connected to cervical vertebra. Most are women. X-ray found that Withers and high development short and rotation, the point is connected with cervical vertebra bone bridge between. ↑ 男，6岁，生后即双肩畸形，双上肢不能上举。X线所见双肩胛骨稍高位，发育小及旋转，下颈椎两侧见类似肋骨骨块朝向肩胛骨。 ↑ （不是同一个人哈） 尺桡骨融合： 尺桡骨融合有两型：一型为尺桡骨近端部分融合伴先天性桡骨头脱位（下一），另一型是‘真性’融合或近端全融合（下二）。两型在胚胎上都继发于纵向分裂停止，且该部位间充质依次发生软骨和骨化，此部位有时也可发生纤维融合。60%为双侧发病。散发或具有家族性发病，以散发更常见。伴发的X线表现有畸形足，髋发育异常，拇指发育不良，Madelung畸形和其他分裂异常（包括腕骨融合和指/趾关节粘连）等。 Foot radius fusion has two type: type of foot radius proximal part of the fusion with congenital radial head dislocation (the 1), the other type is' true 'fusion or proximal fusion (2). Two type are secondary to the longitudinal split stop on embryos, and the area between mesenchymal in cartilage and ossification, this part also can happen sometimes fiber fusion. 60% for both sides. Send out or as familial onset, in order to send out more common. With X-ray manifestation of clubfoot, hip dysplasia, dysplasia, thumb Madelung malformation, and other abnormal division (including carpal bone fusion and fingers/toes articular adhesion), etc. 获得性尺桡骨融合常由创伤、骨髓炎或Caffey病所致，在骨桥形成前，注意观察桡骨侧弯有利于早期诊断。大部分病人没有或几乎没有活动功能受限。 Acquired foot radius fusion is often caused by trauma, osteomyelitis or Caffey disease, in front of the bony bridge formation, observe the radial lateral bending is helpful to early diagnosis. Most of the patients have no or limited functioning almost no activity. ↑ 女，7岁。左前臂不能旋转。X线所见左尺桡骨近端骨性融合，桡骨小头与尺骨分离。 ↑ 男，23岁。右前臂不能旋转。X线所见右尺桡骨近端完全融合。 Madelung畸形： 先天性Madelung畸形（马德隆畸形），是桡骨远端尺侧及掌侧骨骺发育障碍引起的先天性远端桡尺关节半脱位畸形。常见于6-13岁女性，多为双侧发病。使桡骨远端向掌侧和尺侧偏斜，腕关节的近侧列腕骨由拱顶形变成尖顶形。而尺骨下端生长相对较桡骨远端快，尺骨远端常向桡背侧及远端突出，在腕尺背侧有明显的骨隆起。腕关节活动受限，特别是背伸及尺偏时明显，而屈腕活动度增加，桡偏基本正常，旋转尤以旋后明显受限。畸形严重时，腕部出现疼痛、无力及腕关节不稳定。 Congenital Madelung malformation (the Madelung malformation), is distal radius ulnar side and palm side epiphyseal developmental disorders caused by congenital distal radial foot joints subluxation deformities. More common in women aged 6 to 13, for both sides. Make to volar distal radius and feet lateral deflection, near side of wrist joint column carpal bone by the arch form into a spire form. Relatively of the distal radius and ulna lower growth fast, often to the distal ulna radial distal dorsal and prominent, in the cubit dorsal has obvious bone uplift. Wrist joint activities is limited, especially obvious when back with feet wide, and wrist flexion mobility increases, the radial basic normal, partial rotation especially in supination obviously limited. Deformity seriously, wrist pain, weakness and wrist joint instability. ↑ 女，15岁。左前臂渐向外弯凸，远端向背侧高起。X线所见桡骨远端内侧骺与干骺融合、不规整，关节面向内倾斜，桡腕关节呈V形畸形，桡骨干向外弯凸。 医学博士专栏 第七期：来自格蕾丝博士的建议之合成代谢类固醇和兴奋剂 合成代谢类固醇和男性激素合成药物的滥用是青少年的一个问题。不需进行正常的体力运动却能使自己变得更强大的承诺诱导年轻运动员服用类固醇或兴奋剂。青少年也许并没有意识到它的副作用。它的副作用包括行为越来越具有攻击性（有时称之为‘固醇狂怒’）、痤疮、高血压以及高胆固醇，并且这些药物也许还含有污染物。如果你认为你的孩子在服用类固醇，应立即将孩子带到医生那里检查。 Anabolic steroids and the male hormone synthesis of drug abuse is a problem of teenagers. Do not need for regular physical activity can make oneself become more powerful commitment induced young athletes taking steroids or stimulants. Teenagers may not be aware of its side effects. The side effects including behavior more and more aggressive (sometimes called 'sterol rage), acne, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and these drugs may also contain pollutants. If you think your child taking steroids, should immediately took the child to the doctor to check. 本期试题：Colles骨折病人的典型表现是？ a、方肩畸形 b、垂腕畸形 c、爪形手畸形 d、杜加试验阳性 e、“餐叉”样畸形 |
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来自： zskyteacher > 《西航港之临床影像学习平台》
