盘点中国燃料电池催化剂5大进展

亚化咨询认为，对燃料电池催化剂相关科研单位与企业来说，不仅需要持续对低铂与非铂催化剂的研发，还应加强现有铂催化剂的批次一致性，此外还要提早对催化剂回收再利用上做针对性的布局。2018中国燃料电池、双极板与膜电极关键材料论坛将于9月19-20日在辽宁大连召开，燃料电池催化剂铂含量降低技术与非贵金属催化剂将是会议探讨的重要议题之一。

2018年7月10日，日本田中控股株式会社宣布，田中贵金属工业株式会社将增设位于神奈川县的开发制造燃料电池用电极催化剂的燃料电池催化剂开发中心。通过此次增设，可将目前的生产能力提高7倍。增设大楼预计2018年7月18日竣工，于2019年1月起正式启用。

催化剂是质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）膜电极（MEA）的关键材料之一，决定了其放电性能和寿命。催化剂分为铂催化剂、低铂催化剂与非铂催化剂。由于PEMFC工作温度不足100，对催化剂活性要求很高，因此，铂催化剂成为最理想、也是当前唯一商业化的催化剂。

亚化咨询《中国氢能与燃料电池年度报告2018》显示，2017年至今中国燃料电池用催化剂研发与市场进展如下。

北京大学

2018年6月，北京大学工学院郭少军团队开发了一种新型哑铃状的PtFe-Fe2C纳米粒子。该催化剂在酸性介质中的氧还原的比活性和质量活性分别达到了353mA/cm2和1.50A/mg，比商业铂碳催化剂分别高出11.8倍和7.1倍，且具有极为优异的电化学稳定性，经历5000个循环，催化剂的活性几乎没有衰减。

武汉喜玛拉雅光电科技股份有限公司

2018年4月，武汉喜玛拉雅光电自主研发的燃料电池Pt/C催化剂量产技术取得突破。资料显示，该催化剂采用清华大学催化剂制备工艺。技术突破包括：

1. 采用连续合成工艺，实现产品性能的高一致性，各项指标可控制在±1%以内；

2. 产能达到1200g/日规模，可满足40台36kW燃料电池电堆使用，具备工业化生产及营销所需各项条件；

3. 采用优化载体处理工艺，载体循环寿命达到国际商用同等催化剂的5倍以上，极大提高了催化剂在车用工况下的使用寿命；

4. 催化剂综合性能（极化、电化学活性面积、质量比活性）均达到或超过国际商用同等级催化剂性能；

5. 系列化催化剂产品通过了清华大学分析中心的检测和欧盟CE认证，各项性能指标符合设计要求； 

量产Pt/C催化剂主要包括40wt%、50wt%、60wt%、70wt%几种规格，具有高活性、高稳定性、低成本优势。

上海交通大学

2017年7月，上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院燃料电池研究所章俊良教授课题组成功制备出具有单分散性的球形高活性Pd_xNi_1-x@Pt/C核壳纳米催化剂，在不损失燃料电池寿命的前提下，可大幅降低燃料电池的铂用量。

中国科学技术大学

2017年7月，中国科学技术大学曾杰教授课题组与合作者共同设计出一种直径仅有1.3纳米的、铑原子掺杂的超细纳米线铂催化剂，铂原子的利用率达到48.6%。研究表明，该催化剂质量活性和比活性分别达到了商业铂碳催化剂的7.8倍和5.4倍。同时，该催化剂在循环使用1万次后，仅损失了9.2%的质量活性。

大连理工大学

2017年1月，大连理工大学化工学院能源电化学工程宋玉江教授团队将分子自组装技术与高温热解方法结合制备出一种非贵金属电催化剂，有效提高了燃料电池电催化剂的耐久性。

亚化咨询《中国氢能与燃料电池年度报告2018》显示，铂用作PEMFC催化剂存在如下三个问题：

1）铂资源匮乏：公开资料显示，全球铂金储量仅1.4万吨；美国地质调查局数据显示，2016年全球铂产量仅191吨；

 

2）价格昂贵：铂是一种贵金属，价格昂贵，这也使得燃料电池成本居高不下，进而影响其商业化与推广普及；

3）抗毒能力差：铂基催化剂与燃料氢气中的一氧化碳、硫等物质发生反应会导致其失去活性，无法再进行催化作用，进而导致电堆寿命缩减。

按照2016年10月，中国汽车工程学会发布的《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图》，2030年，中国燃料电池车发展规模要达到百万辆，亚化咨询假设每辆燃料电池车用铂量为20g，则2030年中国燃料电池车铂的需求量为20吨。但事实上，值得注意的是，铂在催化中并未发生损耗，绝大部分可以回收再利用。

资料显示，当前多数燃料电池催化剂还停留在实验室制备水平，一般为毫克级，而量产技术需要公斤级甚至吨级。亚化咨询认为，对燃料电池催化剂相关科研单位与企业来说，不仅需要持续对低铂与非铂催化剂的研发，还应加强现有铂催化剂的批次一致性，此外还要提早对催化剂回收再利用上做针对性的布局。

亚化咨询正式推出《中国氢能与燃料电池月报》，致力于为读者提供全面和准确的中国氢能与燃料电池行业政策、市场、项目和技术信息。此外，亚化咨询于2018年5月推出《2018中国氢能与燃料电池年度报告》，将探讨以下内容：

1. 全球与中国氢能与燃料电池产业链发展前景与投资机遇

2. 氢技术与成本分析—电解水、天然气SMR、甲醇裂解与煤气化

3. 中国工业副产氢资源潜力—丙烷脱氢、乙烷裂解与焦炉煤气等

4. 氢气提纯、储存、运输模式

5. 氢燃料电池车用基础设施建设

6. 中国氢能与燃料电池领军企业分析

7. 燃料电池系统与关键材料成本分析与技术进展

8. 国家与地方氢能与燃料电池产业链政策

购买报告还将获得 参加以下两个9月份会议的8折优惠。

如需订阅《中国氢能与燃料电池月报》或索取《中国氢能与燃料电池年度报告2018》目录，欢迎与我们联系！电话[phone]或[e-mail]徐经理

 

2018中国氢资源与氢能产业发展论坛将于2018年9月18-19日在辽宁大连召开。会议将探讨全球与中国氢能产业链发展前景与投资机遇，制氢技术与成本分析，中国工业副产氢资源潜力，氢气提纯与杂质脱除技术，氢气储存与运输模式，氢燃料电池汽车（FCV）产业基础设施建设，氢气储能系统与大规模可再生能源的整合，氢气和CO2生产高价值化学品—甲醇、烯烃和芳烃等。

2018中国燃料电池、双极板与膜电极关键材料论坛将于9月19-20日在辽宁大连召开。会议将探讨全球与中国燃料电池发展现状与市场展望，不同应用场景燃料电池系统设计思路，燃料电池标准与测试技术，电堆规模化生产的品质控制与智能制造，双极板、膜电极、质子交换膜、催化剂和气体扩散层性能优化与成本控制，车用燃料电池长周期稳定运行的关键因素分析等。

View China Fuel Cell Catalyst 5 Major Progresses (2017-2018)

ASIACHEM believes that, to those related scientific research units and enterprises of fuel cell catalyst, they not only need to continue R&D on low-Pt and non-Pt catalyst, but also need to strengthen batch consistency of current Pt catalyst. Besides, they should do targeting distribution on recycling of catalyst in advance. Fuel Cells, Bipolar Plate & MEA Key Materials Forum 2018 will be held in Dalian, Liaoning on Sep 19-20, and Catalyst> will be one of key issues discussed in the meeting.

Jul 10, 2018, Japan Tanaka Kikinzoku Group announced that, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. will new increase a Fuel Cell Catalyst Development Center in Kanagawa to develop and manufacture fuel cell used electrode catalyst. Through this Center, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. will increase 7 times of its current capacity. The Center is estimated to finish construction on Jul 18, 2018, and formally starts to use from Jan 2019.

Catalyst is one of key materials of membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and which decides discharging characteristics and lives of PEMFC. Catalyst is mainly divided into platinum (Pt) catalyst, low-Pt catalyst and non-Pt catalyst. Working temperature of PEMFC is less than 100, which has high requirement to activity of catalyst. Thus, Pt catalyst becomes the most ideal, and the only catalyst that realizes commercialization.

ASIACHEM shows that, from 2017 till now, China fuel cell used catalyst R&D and marketing progresses are as below.

Peking University

In Jun 2018, GUO Shaojun team of College of Engineering, Peking University developed a new dumbbell shaped PtFe-Fe2C nano-particles. The catalyst specific activity and mass activity of oxygen reduction reaction under acid medium reach 353mA/cm2 and 1.50A/mg, respectively, and which are 11.8 times and 7.1 times higher than the commercialized Pt catalyst. Besides, it has very excellent electrochemical stability, after 5000 cycles, activity of catalyst almost has no deduction.

Wuhan Himalaya Optoelectronics Technology Co. Ltd.

In Apr 2018, fuel cell Pt/C catalyst mass production technology, which is independently R&D by Wuhan Himalaya, made breakthroughs. Information shows that, the catalyst uses catalyst preparation technology of Tsinghua University. Technical breakthroughs include:

1. Using continuous synthesis process, realizes product characteristics’ high consistency and each index can be controlled within ±1%;

2. Capacity reaches scale of 1200g/d, which can satisfy 40 36kW fuel cell stacks, and has industrialization production and marketing required each condition;

3. Using optimized carrier treatment process, carrier cycle life reaches more than 5 times of international commercial used catalyst of same kind, and extremely increase catalyst using life under vehicle used working condition;

4. Catalyst comprehensive performance (polarization, electrochemical active area and mass specific activity) reaches or exceeds international commercial used catalyst of same kind;

5. Serial catalyst products passed examine of Tsinghua University Analysis Center and EU CE authentication, each performance index meets designed requirement;

Mass production Pt/C catalyst mainly includes 40wt%, 50wt%, 60wt% and 70wt% specs and has advantages of high activity, high stability and low cost.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

In Jul 2017, Prof ZHANG Junliang project team of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Mechanical Engineering Fuel Cell Research Institute successfully prepared spherical high activityPd_xNi_1-x@Pt/C core shelled nano catalyst which has mono-dispersion. Under premise of not losing life of fuel cell, it can greatly reduce Pt usage of fuel cell.

University of Science and Technology of China

In Jul 2017, Prof ZHANG Jie project team of University of Science and Technology of China and partner co-designed an ultra-fine nanowire Pt catalyst which diameter is only 1.3nm and doped with atomic atom, and which availability of Pt atom reaches 48.6%. The Research indicates that, mass activity and specific activity of this catalyst reach 7.8 times and 5.4 times of commercialized Pt/C catalyst. Meanwhile, this catalyst only loses 9.2% mass activity after recycling 10000 times.

Dalian University of Technology

In Jan 2017, Prof. SONG Yujiang team of Dalian University of Technology Chemical School Energy and Electrochemical Engineering combined molecular self-assembly technology and high temperature pyrolysis method and prepared a non-noble metal electrocatalyst, and effectively increased durability of fuel cell electrocatalyst.

ASIACHEM shows that, Pt being as catalyst of PEMFC has 3 problems below:

1) Pt resources are lack: Public information shows that global Pt reserves are only 14kt; US Geological Survey (USGS)data shows that in 2016, global Pt output was only 191t;

2) Price is high: Pt is a noble metal, and its price is high, which further makes fuel cell cost stay in a high position and influences its commercialization and popularization.

3) Toxin resistance is weak: Pt catalyst react with CO, S etc. substances in fuel hydrogen will make it lose activity and cannot play catalytic action any longer, and further lead stack life reduce.

According to released by SAE-China in Oct 2016, in 2030, China fuel cell vehicle development size should reach millions. ASIACHEM assumes each fuel cell vehicle Pt usage is 20g, then in 2030, China fuel cell vehicle Pt requirement will be 20t. However, which is noteworthy that, Pt does not have any losses during catalyzing and most Pt can be recycled.

Information shows that, currently, most fuel cell catalyst are still staying at laboratory preparation level, which also milligram level, mass production technology, however, is kilogram level or even ton level. ASIACHEM believes that, to those related scientific research units and enterprises of fuel cell catalyst, they not only need to continue R&D on low-Pt and non-Pt catalyst, but also need to strengthen batch consistency of current Pt catalyst. Besides, they should do targeting distribution on recycling of catalyst in advance.

ASIACHEM launched  in May 2018, will discuss contents below:

1. Global and China Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industrial Chain Development Prospect and Investment Opportunities

2. Hydrogen Production Technologies and Cost Analysis – Water Electrolysis, Natural Gas SMR, Methanol Cracking and Coal Gasification

3. China Industrial Byproduct Hydrogen Resources Potential – PDH, Ethane Cracking and Coke Oven Gas

4. Hydrogen Purification, Storage and Transportation Modes

5. Construction of Hydrogen Energy Fuel Cell Vehicle Used Infrastructures

6. Analysis of China Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Leading Enterprises

7. Fuel Cell System and Key Materials Cost Analysis and Technical Progresses

8. China and Local Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industrial Chain Policies

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China Hydrogen Resources and Hydrogen Energy Forum 2018 will be held in Dalian, Liaoning on Sep 18-19, 2018. The conference will discuss global and China hydrogen energy industrial chain prospects and investment opportunities, hydrogen production technologies and cost analysis, China’s industrial byproduct hydrogen resources potential, hydrogen purification and impurities removal technologies, hydrogen storage and transportation modes, construction of FCV industry infrastructures, integration of hydrogen energy storage system and large-scaled renewable energy, hydrogen and CO2 producing high value chemicals –methanol, olefins and BTX.

Fuel Cells, Bipolar Plate & MEA Key Materials Forum 2018 will be held in Dalian, Liaoning on Sep 19-20, 2018. The conference will discuss global and China fuel cell development updates and market prospect, fuel cell systems design for different applications, fuel cell standard and testing technology, quality control and intelligent manufacturing of scaled production of stacks, performances optimization and costs control of bipolar plate, MEA, PEM, catalyst and GDL, and critical factors analysis of long period stabled operation of vehicle used fuel cells etc.