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定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，也是英语学习的一个难点。 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 什么是限制性定语从句？ 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。 引导定语从句（限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。其中who, whom, whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 例如：Everyone who (that) knew her liked her. I saw something in the newspaper which might interest you. This is the picture that (which) I mentioned at the meeting this morning. They showed us the place where they had worked for many years. The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. （1）当先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first, last, any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 例如：That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. This is something that you have always to keep in mind. That's the only thing that we can do right now. Is there anything that I can do for you? （2）关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不能用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句尾时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 例如：This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which/that) we have to put up with. （3）引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词 + which”的结构。 例如：Even in comic books where (= in which) there are no words, the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why (for which) he was so angry that day. |
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