|
这个问题值得回答。 中国绝大多数人是把英语当作外语来学习，所以利用母语迁移也是一种很好的学习方法。我把汉英语两种语言的比较分析列表如下： 其中英语的前缀后缀就相当于汉语的左偏旁右偏旁，利用前缀后缀加词根词可以迅速扩大词汇量。英语的前缀后缀通常有如下一些，请结合例词理解记忆。 对不起啊！很多好友发现本资料图片看不清，现改发word文本。 一、名词后缀：后缀一般改变词性，不改变词义。 -age 状态，行为 percentage, postage, advantage, disadvantage, average -ance 性质或状态 importance, performance, acquaintance, allowance, entrance -ant …者，…人 accountant, assistant, defendant, emigrant, immigrant, inhabitant, … -cy 性质，状态 accuracy, agency, currency, emergency, fluency, mercy -dom状态；领域 freedom, wisdom, kingdom -ee 受……者 employee (雇员), trainee (受训者), examinee (考生) -eer …者，…家 engineer, mountaineer -ence 行为或性状 difference, absence, existence, independence, offence -er 人或工具 speaker, fire fighter, owner, carrier, driver, hunter, painter employer (雇主), trainer (培训官), examiner (监考员) -or 人 competitor, actor, conductor, translator, editor, visitor -ese 地方/国人 Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Burmese, Vietnamese -hood身份；地位 childhood, neighborhood, likelihood, brotherhood, parenthood, adulthood -ian 人 civilian, librarian, musician, physician, politician, -ist …者，…家 chemist, journalist, typist, scientist, cyclist, novelist, typist -ism 主义，行为 socialism, communism, Buddhism, realism, tourism, individualism -ity 性质，状态 ability, activity, anxiety, clarity, majority, minority, reality -ment结果/方式 agreement, disappointment, announcement, treatment -ness 性质；状态 business, darkness, weakness, happiness, kindness, sickness -ship 状态；身份 relationship, hardship, leadership, friendship, citizenship -sion 结果，状况 admission, comprehension, conclusion, discussion, division -sure 行为，结果 insure, measure, pleasure, pressure, treasure, -th 性质，状态 death, length, width, truth, depth, growth, strength, warmth, youth -tion 结果，状况 action, adaptation, addition, affection, application, attention -ture 行为，结果 adventure, agriculture, architecture, creature, culture, feature -ty 动作，状态 honesty, difficulty, poverty, beauty, 二、形容词后缀： -able 可…的；表示性质 respectable, eatable, comfortable, valuable, fashionable, portable -al有……性质的 abnormal, actual, agricultural, annual, artificial, botanical -(i)an 地方或国家人的 Asian, Christian, Egyptian, Hungarian, Indian, Indonesian -ant 有……性质的 significant, important, brilliant, tolerant, -en 用……做成的 earthen, wooden, golden, -ary 有……性质的 anniversary, arbitrary, contemporary, contrary, elementary -ed （感到）……的 accustomed, addicted, armed, ashamed, bored, delighted, gifted -ern 表示方向 eastern, northern, southern, western -ent 有……性质的 apparent, confident, consistent, convenient, different, evident -ese 地方或国家的 Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Burmese, Vietnamese -ful 充满……的 beautiful，successful, wonderful, mouthful, shameful, hopeful -ic 与…有关的 basic, scientific, academic, alcoholic, allergic, Antarctic, Arctic -ical 与…有关的 academical, bacteriological, ecological, geological -ing （令人）……的 amazing, boring, challenging, disgusting, freezing, hardworking -ish 像/有点……的 foolish, selfish, British, English, childish, girlish, yellowish -less 没有……的, 无…的 jobless, cordless, homeless, helpless, breathless, careless, endless -ly 具有……性质特点的 daily, early, friendly, holy, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly -ous 具有……性质的 nervous, dangerous, poisonous, mountainous, humorous, anxious -sive 属性，与相关 aggressive, expensive, massive, passive, -tive 有……性质的 positive, primitive, radioactive, relative, representative, sensitive -y 多…的, 有…的 funny, sunny, cloudy, wealthy, angry, cloudy, clumsy, greedy 三、副词后缀： 分词-ly ……地 surprisingly, hurriedly, undoubtedly, repeatedly, unexpectedly 副词-ly ……地 badly, perfectly, truly, angrily, approximately, deliberately 形容词-ly ……地 daily, early, friendly, holy, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly -ward(s) 向…… straightforward, afterwards, backwards, outward(s), upward(s) -wise ……地 crosswise, lengthwise, clockwise, streetwise 四、动词后缀： -en 使……变成 widen, blacken, fasten, ripen, sharpen, strengthen, frighten -fy 使成为 beautify, horrify, specify, purify, classify, satisfy, simplify, terrify -ize(ise) 使成为；变成 memorize, apologize, realize, modernize, compromise, advertise 五、数词后缀： -teen 用于13-19基数词 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sisteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen -ty 用于20-90整十数 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sisty, seventy, eighty, ninety -th 用于基数词变序数词 eighth, ninth, fifth, twelvth, twentieth, thirtieth, fourtieth, fiftieth 六、常用前缀：前缀通常改变词义，少数前缀改变词性。 a- ……的 ahead, alike, alive, alone, asleep, aloud, awake, dis- 不，非，无 disabled，disadvantage，disagree，disagreement，disappear en- 使成为, 使处于 enable, encourage, enjoy, enlarge, enjoyable, encouragement in- 不，非，无 indirect, incorrect, inactive, independence, independent il- 不，非，无 illegal, illogical, im- 不，非，无 impossible, immoral, impatient, ir- 不，非，无 irregular, irreplaceable, irresponsible, non- 不，非，无 non-existence, non-essential, non-electrical un- 不，非，无 unhealthy, unsuccessful, uncommon, unpleasant, unfortunate inter- 在...之间, 相互 international, interfactory, interactive mis- 错误，否定 mistake, misunderstand, misapply, mismanage, misname re- 再、重新 rebuild, recycle, reconsider, review, react，rebuil，rebuilt, reform tele- 远距离 telephone, telegraph, telescope, teleoperated 希望你对这个回答满意！ |
|
|
