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迈克按：当我们强调阅读时，似乎我们自然的就会贬低传统的英语学习，例如语法学习。这是个错误的倾向。对于没有语言环境的外语学习，认真的语法学习，一直是外语学习最重要的的基础方法之一。今天，我们来看一下CC老师梳理的英文句型。 结合多年教学实践积累，和大家分享英文初级中级原版书中最常见，且较难懂的九大英文句型。 破解了这些句型，孩子既可以更加深刻地理解英文句子逻辑，离自由阅读之境更近一步，又可以仿照写出更加地道的高级句型。 History is the mighty Tower of Experience, which Time has built amidst the endless fields of bygone ages. ——The Story of Mankind 历史就是雄伟的经验之塔，是时间在过去时代的无边原野中构筑起来的。 ——人类的故事 （一）定语从句 CC说： 定语从句，又名形容词性从句，顾名思义，是一种用于修饰形容名词或其他成分的从句，功能类似用a beautiful girl 中beautiful. 通常可以翻译成“...的...”。 定语从句形式灵活多样。常见的有以下几种： 下面下划线部分是定语从句，（小括号）里面是定语从句所修饰的内容。 1. …that… （The one thing）that Mr. Gregg and his two boys loved to do more than anything elsewas to go hunting. ——The Magic Finger 2. …which… Mrs. Gregg was placing beautiful flowers upon (the sixteen tiny mounds of soil) which I learned later were the graves of (the ducks) that had been shot the day before. ——The Magic Finger 3. …, which… History is (the mighty Tower of Experience), which Time has built amidst the endless fields of bygone ages. 4. 缺that少which I did (something) I never meant to do. ——The Magic Finger 5. who, whom, where等等 (The kids) who are going to find the golden ticketare (the ones) who can afford to buy candy bars every day. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 定语从句绝对是英语长难句型的一大成因。 英文中定语从句所生成的长难句数不胜数，下面仅一例： These tell us that many thousands of years ago the world was inhabited by (certain mammals) who were quite different from all the other animals—who had probably developed from (another unknown ape-like animal) which had learned to walk on its hind-legs and use its force-paws as their hands —and who were most probably connected with the creatures who happen to be our own immediate ancestors. ——The Story of Mankind 对于包含定语从句的长难句，破解的关键在于：①精确定位定语从句，并识别其修饰对象；②先删后补，先忽略定语从句，理清主句逻辑框架，之后再将定语从句意思补全。 比如上面例句，其中共有四个定语从句， 1. （certain mammals）who were quite different from all the other animals 2. （certain mammals）who had probably developed from another unknown ape-like animal 3. （another unknown ape-like animal）which had learned to walk on its hind-legs and use its force-paws as their hands 4. （certain mammals）who were most probably connected with the creatures who happen to be our own immediate ancestors. 括号中则是它们的修饰对象。 如果先忽略定语从句，句子则变成These tell us that many thousands of years ago the world was inhabited by certain mammals. 如此就容易理解多了。 而后在补全定语从句，即把定语从句放在其修饰对象前面，并以“的”相连。 The newspaper carried a picture of a nine-year old boy who was so enormously fat that he looked as though he had been blown up with a powerful pump. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 报纸上登着一个九岁男孩的照片，他胖得就好像是被人用一个有力的泵给吹鼓了。 ——查理和巧克力工厂 一个so that，August Gloop这个贪吃小男孩的形象，跃然纸上 （二）so that家族 CC说： 这个句型其实非常简单，重点在so，其意思也很正常，即“非常”，作为副词，用于修饰形容词或者其他副词。后面的that仅作为从句连词，没实际含义，且往往可省。 这一句型在英文原版中的出镜率也是超乎大家想象，而且形式变化也特别多样，具体如下， 1. 常规版so...that... This made me so cross that I started shouting at them. ——The Magic Finger His eyes were stretched so wide that you could see the whites all around. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Old Major was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. ——Animal Farm 2. …so that…(或者…so… 省略that) Grandpa went on, speaking very slowly so that Charlie wouldn’t miss a word. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory It was arranged so that you could swing without being pushed. ——Charlotte’s Web The sheep felt so uneasy (that) they broke a hole in the pasture fence and wandered up into the field across the road. ——Animal Farm 3. 姐妹版such…that… It was of such a shining sparkling glistening pink color that the whole thing looked as though it were made of glass. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Her body was swelling up and changing shape at such a rate that within a minute it had turned into nothing less than an enormous and gigantic round blue ball. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The danger of baobabs is so little understood, and such considerable risks would be run by anyone who might get lost on an asteroid, that for once I am breaking through my reserve. ——The Little Prince 4. 远亲版too…to… Mr Jones, of Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. ——Animal Farm 5. 倒装版 But so well did the King’s architects and engineers perform their task that the narrow passage-way which leads to the royal tomb in the heart of the stone monster has never yet been pushed out of shape by the weight of those thousands of tons of stone which press upon it from all sides. ——The Story of Mankind 而so that真正难就难在这种倒装用法中。 但是无论各种形式，大家只需记住：看到so，或such，就去找that，而一旦so that串上了，整个句子的框架就一目了然了。 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. ——Pride and Prejudice 凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。 ——傲慢与偏见 （三）it形式主语和形式宾语 CC说： 英语忌讳大头娃娃大肚子，因此，大头大肚子都往后放，位子it先占着。 it形式主语 （真正主语为下划线部分。） It took quite a time for Grandpa Joe and Charlie to explain to everyone exactly what had been happening to them all day. It relieved her mind to know that her baby would sleep covered up. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr Jones was safely out of the way. it形式宾语 （真正宾语为下划线部分。） You must see to itthat you pull up regularly all the baobabs. I feel it my dutyto pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. It is only with the heart that one can see rightly ——The Little Prince 只有用心，才能看得真切。 ——小王子 （四）it强调句 CC说： 重要事情除了可以说三遍，还可以加上do等强调词，还可以把它往前放，放在it be和that之间。 （下划线部分即被强调内容） It isthe time you have wasted for your rosethat makes your rose so important. ——The Little Prince … because it is shethat I have watered; because it is shethat I have put under the glass globe; because it is shethat I have sheltered behind the screen; because it isfor herthat I have killed the caterpillars (except the two or three that we saved to become butterflies); because it isshe that I have listened to, when she grumbled, or boasted, or even sometimes when she said nothing. Because she is my rose. ——The Little Prince Wilbur would have felt lonely and homesick, had Charlotte not been with him. ——Charlotte’s Web 如果没有夏洛在身边，威尔伯当时一定会感到孤独想家。 ——夏洛的网 （五）倒装句 CC说： 倒装倒装，主谓倒装，谓语在前，主语在后。 英语的倒装其实我们一点都不陌生，比如， Here comes Uncle Wang. （这个例句也暴露了我的年纪。） 再比如， There are five people in my family. 当然还有， （下面下划线部分为次序颠倒的谓语和主语） On the under side of the leaf of the potato vineare the bright orange eggs of the potato bug. ——Charlotte’s Web Stretched across the upper part of the doorway was a big spider’s web, and hanging from the top of the web, head down, was a large grey spider. ——Charlotte’s Web 上面这两句大家可能就觉得陌生了，但其实都是倒装家族的成员，只是前面两句是夏装，后面两句是冬装，修饰成分多点儿而已。 倒装还有一些更加高级的用法，比如倒装＋省略， Wilbur would have felt lonely and homesick, had Charlotte not been with him. (…, if Charlotte had not been with him) ——Charlotte’s Web 再比如not only… but also 搭配倒装， Not only had he guided his brethren out of foreign slavery into the free and independent life of a new home but he had also made the Jews the first of all nations to worship a single God. ——The Story of Mankind 而破解倒装句型的一大窍门就是倒装变正装。 顺序颠倒看不清的时候，我们何不把它摆正呢？找到主语和谓语，主语提前，谓语回后，如此可能就会容易一些。 比如上面最后一句话， He had not only guided his brethren out of foreign slavery into the free and independent life of a new home but he had also made the Jews the first of all nations to worship a single God. You have as much as chance as anybody else. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 你有和其他任何人一样的机会（去拿到那张金券）。 ——查理和巧克力工厂 （六）as…as… CC说： A is as B as C. A和C一样B。 例句： He was as tall as the seat of a chair. ——The Magic Finger He is not anywhere near as clean as you are, nor as pleasant. They were trying as gently and as kindly as they could to prepare Charlie for the disappointment. This particular candy bar has as much chance as any other of having a Golden Ticket. Just as sure as I’ll be having cabbage soup for supper tomorrow, that ticket’ll go to some nasty little beast who doesn’t deserve it. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 此类句型可简可难，破解的窍门就在于精确定位A,B,和C。以最后一句为例， 乍眼一看，懵。 仔细分析，找到 A: that ticket’ll go to some nasty little beast who doesn’t deserve it. B: sure C: I’ll be having cabbage soup for supper tomorrow 如此一来，意思清晰可见，A和C一样B。 “那张票会被一个不值得拿到它的熊孩子拿到，和我明天晚饭会喝白菜汤，一样确定。” 即“就像我明天晚饭一定会喝白菜汤一样，那张票也一定会落到一个不配拥有它的熊孩子手里。” 再来一句高阶的， We are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies. ——Animal Farm 这一句和上面的微微不同，但破解方式一致。 A: we are given 的food B: much C: will keep the breath in our bodies的food A和C一样B。“人类供给我们的食物和能让我们还喘口气的食物一样多。” 即“人类提供给我们的食物，少得可怜，只够让我们活下去。” Charlie treasured the chocolate as though it were a bar of gold. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 那块巧克力对于查理就像一块金条一样珍贵。 ——查理和巧克力工厂 （七）as if虚拟语气 CC说： 英语中虚拟语气的形式非常多，as if，as though（就好像）算是简单直白的，但是务必留意：as if从句中动词必定是过去的某种时态，一般过去式，过去完成式，或过去进行式（详见下面句子下划线部分）。 He just walked on past me as if I wasn’t there. ——The Magic Finger Wilbur felt as happy as though he had constructedit himself. ——Charlotte’s Web There was a peculiar floating sensation coming over him, as though hewere floatingup in the air like a balloon. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory I felt the need of protecting him, as if he himself werea flame that might be extinguished by a little puff of wind. ——The Little Prince I would have starved to death waiting that long. ——Charlotte’s Web 要是等那么久，我再就饿死了。 ——夏洛的网 （八）猜测句型 CC说： 猜测句型意思清晰，表示某种不确定的猜测，但形式多样，需要刻意积累。 而英语原版中最为常见的就是must/could/ought to have done等结构，表示对过去发生的某件事的猜想和推测。而它们的差异往往是在程度和语气上。 You must be CC. 最简单的猜测句，但是现实往往复杂多了。比如， It must have beenabout half an hour later that I myself walked into the garden. ——The Magic Finger It must have beennearly midnight before Mr. Bucket was able to get rid of them so that Charlie could go to bed. Wilburwould have feltlonely and homesick, had Charlotte not been with him. I ought to have guessedall the affection that lay behind her poor strategems. The animalsmight have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. All animals are equal, but Napoleon is more equal than the others. 所有动物都是平等的，但是拿破仑比其他所有动物都更加平等。 （九）最高级 CC说： 原版英文书中表达“最”的方式简直五花八门，而其中形容词最高级算是最low的选择了。 例句: This is the most terrible case of injustice I’ve ever heard of. ——Charlotte’s Web Mr. Wonka is the most extraordinary maker the world has ever seen. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory We are simply as proud as can be. ——Charlie and the Chocolate Factory I will give the worst pounding a rat ever took. ——Charlotte’s Web No pig ever had truer friends, and he realized that friendship is one of the most satisfying things in the world. ——Charlotte’s Web The Dursleys were the last people you’d expect to be involved in anything strange and mysterious. ——Harry Potter 再来一段， If the motorcycle was huge, it was nothing to the man sitting astride on it. He was almost twice as tall as a normal man and at least five times as wide. He looked simply too big to be allowed. ——Harry Potter 这样的表述可比He is the biggest man.要丰富有趣多了，而且还更能表达出他的超大块头。 上面和大家分享了英语初中阶原版中比较常见的九大句型，而这些句型也是孩子们在阅读原版时的重难点。 对于长难句型，我一直认为：与其啰啰嗦嗦语法理论讲解，还不如多读几本书，多接触几次，然后自己去感受其规律和内涵，并且在口头和笔头上刻意套用，如此效果更好。 （七年） |
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