在2003年堪培拉丛林大火之后，政府为重塑该片区，组织澳大利亚国家植物园国际设计竞赛。“森林100（100 Forests）”以其独特的设计理念，即打造一个包括世界上最濒危的100个树木种类的森林，赢得了此次竞赛。 The design of Australia’s National Arboretum was selected via an international design competition following the devastating Canberra bush fires of 2003. The winning concept; 100 Forests, comprises forests with 100 of the worlds most endangered tree species. ▽ 梯田式的大地景观形成了主要的进入植物园的游览序列。基础部分有一套精心设计的灌溉系统，将水流引向大坝，再由大坝将用水重新分配到植物园。 Large terraced earth sculptures form the major arrival sequence into the Arboretum. At the base, a carefully designed irrigationsystem directs water to the dam to redistribute back into the Arboretum. 森林100定义了什么是21世纪的公共花园。从可持续性、生物多样、公众环境问题等非常现实的条件出发，森林100不只是一个以美学为指导的概念设计，而是一个策略、一个真实的项目、一个正在发生的事件。它不只是为游客提供独一无二的置身濒危物种间的游览体验；更重要的，它是一个未来的种子银行，每一棵树木都是一个能成活的种子的集合。 森林100位于澳大利亚首都堪培拉Burley Griffin湖岸。250公顷连绵起伏的地形，全景式的城市画卷，以及在城市总规划师Walter和Marion Burley-Griffin指导下培植的两处外来树木丛，共同构成了森林100设计的背景和灵感来源。设计师按照每块2-3公顷，将用地沿着起伏的地形划分开来，网格的走向跟Burley-Griffins夫妇设计的城市轴线相一致。错落有致、色彩缤纷的森林，其形态和肌理为城市提供了一幅壮丽的背景，同时也成为正在发展中的城市的一部分。 国家植物园对“植物园”的概念重新进行了演绎，它从世界各地引入濒危的或极具民族植物学特色的物种，形成一座未来生物多样性的仓库。在一个单一物种构成的林区内植入300到2000棵外来物种树木，不仅是一项具有重要植物学意义的事件，而且将为公众带来形式、色彩、光影、声效等多方面的沉浸式休闲游览体验。 该项目将自身具有的植物学意义同世界上对保存地球生物多样性感兴趣的研究机构，如英国Millennium Seed Bank in Kew Gardens和当地的Australian National University，联系起来。 森林100是一个重要的市政和社区活动场地。不仅能够提供自然体验和教育的机会，还能为多种娱乐活动提供场地。充满美感的建筑及活动场所共同营造了项目的核心，且会随着植物园和城市的扩张而扩展，为游客营造同自然环境联系更紧密的空间。 植物园的空间概念可以通过精心安排的从园区外围进入到核心的体验顺序来阐述。当游客靠近森林的入口时，就已经可以感受到沉浸的气氛了。沿着蜿蜒的道路穿过森林，尽头是12公顷的梯田式的中央谷地，谷地慢慢升高 到50m处，远远地看见“穹盖”造型的游客中心就伫立在那里。沉浸式的体验还在继续，在短暂地步行之后，游客到达山坡的顶部，在那里有一条铺满岩石的峡谷，引领游客前往游客中心和植物园的核心区域。在那里可以观赏被精心设计过的起伏葱郁的中央谷地，还能越过湖面，远眺堪培拉。游客中心附近是树木掩映下的儿童游乐场。以“种子是生命的开端”为理念，孩子和家长们进入了一个被放大的奇幻世界——巨大的橡果漂浮在空中，山龙眼的果实铺满了树林的地面。对所有年龄段的孩子们来说，玩耍是重要的社交方式和教育工具，在增进儿童与景观、气候、环境的关系时，玩耍尤其是最重要的手段之一。巨型种子构成的世界能培养孩子们的自发性、创造力、想象力，鼓励他们接受挑战，增强他们的自信心。 森林100是一个有生命的项目，没有竣工的一天，它将持续更新和进步；营造真正的归属体验，与人类、城市、国家共同成长。 ▽ 从2003年堪培拉大火中幸存下来的Cork植物园。它提供了一个强有力的探究森林100方案潜力的视角。Cork Plantation that survived the 2003 Canberrra Fires. This existing plantation provided an insight into thepotential of the immersive 100 forest concept. ▽ 植物园内设置有一系列的大型雕塑，在森林中等待被发现。The Arboretum is host to a series of large sculptures that will, over time, be discovered within the forest landscape . ▽ 每一片林区树木的排布是基于物种自身生物和文化特性来布置的，因此各不相同。每一位TCL的设计师都为森林100出谋划策。它是一个想法的集合。The layout of trees are distinct for each forest and are designed based on their botanical or cultural qualities for each species. Each TCL designer provided ideas for the 100 forests, with the result of a patchwork of ideas. ▽ 中央的谷地林区同周边树林的密合形成了鲜明的对比……礼节性的树木沿着中央谷地曲折向下，标志性的树种则种植在平地处。The central valley clearing provides a contrast to the enclosureof the surrounding forests…. Ceremonial planting down the spin ofthe central valley and icon planting on the terraces. ▽ 梯田式的中央林区形成了游客进入植物园的游览序列。The sculptured landforms of the Central Clearing form part of the visitor arrival sequence. ▽ 森林100各片区的排布方式不同，根据树种的护理需求和文化主题形成各自的空间布局。All of the 100 forests are arranged differently, the qualities provide distinct spatial arrangements that respond to species horticultural requirements and many cultural themes. ▽ 从中央谷地的底部向上看游客中心，游客中心的设计者是TZG Architects。View from the bottom of the central valley toward visitors centre. Visitors Centre by TZG Architects. ▽ “广阔的棕色土地”雕塑。位于新近种植的Washingtonia SP附近。‘Wide Brown Land’ Sculpture. Located near recently planted Washingtonia SP. ▽ 经过一段时间，每一片树林中将纳入多样性的游客设施，如野餐区、艺术装置、秘密花园等。Overtime each forest will host a diverse array of visitor facilities such as picnic areas, art installations and secret ▽ Pod游乐场由幼儿游乐区（山龙眼果区）、少儿游乐区（橡果区）、秋千等设备组成。橡果区内有六座距离地面2.5m到5m高度不等的橡果房子。The Pod Playground consists of a toddler play area (banksias), swing set area, older children (acorn area) and net play to the left of the Acorns. The Acorn area consists of six Acorn cubby houses varying in height from 2.5 metres to 5 metres above ground. ▽ 网绳隧道将4颗橡果连在一起，构成了一个攀爬游乐场。围合的网绳距离地面的高度超过2.5m。Rope tunnels connect four of the Acorns together, creating an clambering play element for children to explore the Acorns. The enclosed rope tunnels also allow heights to exceed 2.5 metres from the ground. ▽ 山龙眼果游乐区位于沙坑上，由玻璃强化结构将各构件联系在一起。The Banksia play area is nestled in a sand pit with custom designed bug beads, sand and sound tubes attached to the glass reinforced structures. 100 Forests redefines the meaning of public garden in the 21st century. Growing out of very real issues of sustainability, biodiversity, and public environmental concern; 100 Forests is a strategy, a program and an ongoing event, not a design based chiefly on aesthetics. 100 Forests not only provides unique experiences, the pleasure of being enveloped in a forest of one endangered species; but is more importantly a seed bank for the future. Each holds a viable seed population to preserve these threatened species. 100 Forests is located above the shores of Lake Burley Griffin in the Australian National Capital, Canberra. The 250ha site with its rolling, elevated topography, panoramic city views and two stands of individual exotic tree species planted under the direction of the city’s Masterplan designers Walter and Marion Burley-Griffin, provided the canvas and catalyst for the design. The forests, each 2-3 hectares in size, are arranged via a grid across the undulating topography, which are orientated to align with a civic axis created by the Burley-Griffins. This patchwork of forests, with their varying colour, form and textures, provide a striking backdrop the city and engages at an urban scale with the developing City. The Arboretum offers a contemporary reinterpretation of the notion of arboretum by including botanically threatened or ethnobotanically significant tree species from around the world into a repository of biodiversity for the future. The result of planting the trees into single-species forest lots containing between 300 and 2000 trees will be a botanically significant collection offering an immersive experience of form, colour and light, augmented by the rustle of leaf-litter, the texture of the bark and the sound of wind moving through the canopies. The project has established connections across the world through the botanical value of its collection to institutions interested in preserving the planet’s biodiversity such as the Millennium Seed Bank in Kew Gardens, England and more locally with the Australian National University, Canberra. 100 forests is an important civic and community venue, not only providing education, interpretation and experiences within some of the world’s most beautiful trees; it is also a setting for events, gardens play, cafes amphitheatres and recreational paths. Beautiful architectural and event spaces engage the visitor to connect with the setting, creating a ‘heart’ to the project which can grow over time, expanding as the Arboretum and city expand. The spatial concept of the Arboretum can be explained sequentially through the carefully choreographed arrival experience from outside into the core. When approaching the entrance a portal of forests immediately immerses the visitor. The entrance road then gently twists through the forest before breaking out into the central valley clearing with 12ha of sculpted and terraced landform reaching up over 50m in elevation towards the ‘canopy’ form of the Visitor’s Centre building. Immersion continues as a short walk takes the visitor towards the crest of the hill where a rock-walled ravine has been carved through the earth, enclosing and directing them to the Visitor’s Centre building and toward the heart of the arboretum. After this confined experience, the open vaulted ceiling and timber beams of the canopy-like building reach up-and-over to a panoramic vista through the sculpted, forest lined central valley and across the lake to the city of Canberra. The visitor centre provides not only orientates visitors to the 100 forest experiences, it also links to adjacent the adjacent “pod playspace” which creatively engages children with the beauty of trees and fosters a life-long connection to this remarkable environment. Using the idea of seeds as the beginning life amongst the forest, children and their families can enter a fantasy world of exaggerated scales. A play space with giant acorns floating in the sky, and enormous banksia cones nestled on the forest floor. The design recognises that play is a vital social development and educational tool for children of all ages, and is particularly important when it assists in forming relationships to its landscape, climate and surrounding context. The world amongst the giant seeds aims to stimulate spontaneity and creativity, to foster the imagination and to challenge and encourage confidence with growth. 100 Forests is a living project, it has no completion date, its experiences and messages will continually evolve and adapt; creating experiences of true community within a sublime place that will grow with the people, the city and the nation. Project name: National Arboretum Canberra English Text: Taylor Cullity Lethlean MORE: Taylor Cullity Lethlean，更多请至：Taylor Cullity Lethlean on gooood |
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