自从两周前发出了上篇后，后台一直收到学弟学妹们的催更，下篇啥时候来呢？久等了，来了！在下篇里，我会就剩下两个中英表达的关键区别进行介绍。相信大家都有这个经验，在学习古文的最讨厌碰到一些介词，比如“而”“之”，民间不完全统计大概每个有7,8种意思，每当老师声情并茂解读的时候我都不由得虎躯一震，什么“表承接”“表并列”。到最后我实在没方法我就记住了老师无可奈何对我说，你分不清的时候就写“表并列”吧，那个考的几率比较多。介词是英语的灵魂（请看我的眼神），这话不假。English is a form (hypotactic) language while Chinese isa consensual (paratactic) language. (Janet, 2017)英文是形式语言（类似的，数学也是一种形式科学），而中文是意思语言（consensual没有在zodiacs找到合适的翻译，如果有，欢迎指正）1.“form language” refers to the use of conjunctions (coordinatingconjunction and, but, or other, or subordinating conjunction that, who, when,if, etc.) to express the logical relationship between sentence elements orsentences. English sentence expressed the logic relationship usingconjunction which is hidden in Chinese.形式语言便好用各类介词（and, but, that, who, when, if….）来表达句与句之间以及句意间的逻辑关系，这些介词在中文里常常被省略2.”consensual' refers to use context to reflect the logicalrelationship between sentences not by conjunctions.Consensual语言的逻辑关系不用介词表达…..举个栗子给你看，小情侣吵架的时候脱口而出“你来了我就走”，直接翻译就会是：”You come, and I left.”稍对英文掌握熟练的人就会脱口而出“I will leave if you come.”或者“If youcome, I'll go.'要么 'When you come, I'll go”等等。敲黑板了！英文的介词很重要，而且主要的作用就是突出逻辑关系的，方位、时间、因果等。eg 1. 辩论范例：Opposition side disagrees for the following reasons that/for the simple reason that….“For the following reasons that…”是一个很好的过渡linking word，所以这里不把这个短语提前到句首。后面的that引出将要讲的原因。“For the simple reason that…”效果类似eg 2. 辩论范例：Death penalty appears to be more tangible interms of signalling effect to potential criminal actions incomparison/Comparing with the case of ineffective tolerance that…..eg 3. 辩论范例：Based on this, I am proud to propose/oppose.e.g.4 Gettysburg Address: For the people, of the people and bythe people.好了重点！无论你是高考还是四六级还是雅思托福，甚至是去国外写作，你的写作中肯定会有一条要合理使用连接词，要注重逻辑关系，比起到处去百度云收藏什么500G所有英语写作连接词啥的，你还是吃下我这份基础+实用+表达齐全+外国人都在用的安利比较有效。Because of, on account of, by reason of, as a result of, forfear of, in light of, given, considering……, in view of the fact that. Owing to,thanks to, in view of, by/in virtue of, by reason of, on grounds of, in consequenceof, consequently, now that (既然), seeing that, considering that,We delayed our contest on account of the bad weather.They dared not to murmur for fear of being killed.In light of the data, economists found the general reasons forthe poverty in that area.Failing 如果不能, in case of/ in the even of 如果发生；万一，but for 要不是；providing/givenAs a result, as a consequenceBy/in comparison with, whereas, likewise (同样的)About, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to (关于), interms of 就……,Despite, notwithstanding, in spite of尽管; 虽然中国人比较含蓄，我们习惯先乱扯一通乱扯一通再慢慢开始进入主题，“你不是说这篇文章会给我点赞的么，怎么一直没点啊”As to content, English focus on the start, Chinese focus on the rear. English nation tend to express their views, feelings and attitudesdirectly, therefore, they always put the important information at the beginningof the sentence, while Chinese handle in an opposite way (Janet, 2011).
英文在内容上倾向于把重点放在开头，中文放在尾巴上（rear）。说英语的地区倾向于直接表达情感所以他们把重要信息放在开头，中国人则情感含蓄，在这一点上相反。六国破灭，非兵1不利，战不善2，弊在赂秦3。赂秦而力亏，破灭之道4也。或曰5：六国互丧，率6赂秦耶？曰：不赂者以赂者丧，盖7失强援，不能独完8。故曰：弊在赂秦也《六国论》(Mankiw, The Principles of Economics)“The first reason……world in which you live.”学习经济学的第一个原因放在了最前面。知道为什么老师总说做英语阅读来不及的时候就狂看每篇文章第一句话第二句话和最后一句话了吧，这都是有科学道理的啊！对雅思托福等等英语考试都适用！It is the journey to Canada that really changed his life. (it is强调句)What really matters is our cooperation. / Cooperation is whatreally matters.Little do people take into account the seriousness of thisproblem.说完了这三大点，你看看，品品，是不是发现其实想要地道的英语表达也不是什么难事？Janet (2011), CCJK, Sentence Structure Difference BetweenChinese and English, http://www./sentence-structure-difference-between-chinese-and-english/Brinton, L.J., (2000), John Benjamin’s Publishing Company. TheStructure of Modern English, A Linguistic Introduction
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