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英语的语序一般是主语在前，谓语在后。如果把谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装
全部倒装：把句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前（谓语动词要和后面的主语保持一致）1.下列副词位于句首需要倒装 方位副词：up,down,in,away,off,out等 时间副词：now,then等 地点副词：here,there等以及表示地点的介词短语 Besides the lake stand a couple of trees and under them runs a path. → A couple of trees stand beside the lake and a path runs under them. 湖边有几棵树，树下有一条小路。（方位副词） Out of the room stands a big monster. → A big monster stands out of the room. 房子外边有一个怪兽（方位副词） At the front of the book is a table of content. → A table of content is at the front of book. 书的前部有目录（方位副词） Now speaks the headamaster. → The headmaster speaks now. 现在说话的是班长（时间副词） Then came the chairman. → The chairman came then. 然后主席来了（时间副词） Here comes the bus. → The bus comes here. 公交车来了（地点副词） Sitting at the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone.→ a pretty girl waiting for someone was Sitting at the next table. 隔壁桌坐着一个漂亮女人正在等着谁（地点介词短语） By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. →A young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志（地点介词短语） Among these people was his friend Jim. → His friend jim was among these people. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中（地点介词短语） 2. 表语位于句首，需要全部倒装（为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密） Such are the facts. → the facts are such. 事实就是这些 Gone are the days when woman were looked down upon.→The days when woman were looked down upon are gone. 女性被看不起的时代已经过去了 3. 当主语是代词时，不能倒装 Here it is（不倒装）——here is the book（倒装） Here you are（不倒装）——here are the students.（倒装） 部分倒装：把句子中的部分动词置于主语之前（be动词、情态动词、助动词），如果句中没有be动词、情态动词或者助动词，应当补充（do，does，did）置于主语之前。1. 含有否定意义的副词或是否定意义的介词短语 含有否定意义的副词：few.little.never.nor.not until.nowhere.rarely.seldom等 否定意义的介词短语：at no time,by no means,in no case, in no way等 I never felt so happy in my life → never did i feel so happy in my life 我一生中从没有这么开心过 I seldom get invited into his office alone.→Seldom do i get invited into his office alone. 我很少被单独叫进办公室 Smoking is permitted at no time in the meeting room.→At no time is smoking permitted in the meeting room. 任何时候在办公室抽烟都是不允许的 2. only位于句首后跟状语时需要倒装 You can expect to get a pay rise only with hard work. Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise. 只有努力工作后你才能期待工资上涨 He came to the meeting only after being asked three times. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting . 交了三次，他才来参加会议 You will keep good relationships with others only when you can find peace in your heart. Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. 当你找到你内心的平静的时候，你就能和周围的人保持良好的关系 3. 几个常见的重要的句型 （1）no sooner ...than / hardly... when/scarely..when 刚一....就 倒装时把scarely/hardly/no sooner置于句首。Than/when前面的句子部分倒装用过去完成时，than/when 后面的句子用过去式且不倒装 She had scarely opened the door when her son rushed up to her. Scarely had she opened the door when her son rushed up to her. 她一打开门她儿子就冲了出来 I had hardly got home when the bell rang. Hardly had i got home when the bell rang. 我一到家铃声就响了 (2) Not until 句型，直到.... 倒装时not until 置于句首。主句不倒装，从句倒装 I realized i hadn’t work hard not untill i saw the score Not until i saw the score did i realize i hadn’t work hard. 知道看到成绩我才意识到我不够努力。 He finished his homework not until the teacher came. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来了他才完成作业。 （2）so.neither/nor 表示重复的内容，我也一样 If you won’t go.neither/noe will i. 你不去，我也不去 Tom can speak english.so can jack. 汤姆会将法语，杰克也会 Amy can’t answer the question. Nor/neither can i. 艾米不会回答那个问题，我也不会 Neither do i know her name.nor does he. 我不知道她的名字。他也不知道 （3）so..that/such ..that 如此..以至于 So 位于句首时部分倒装，前一个分句倒装，后一个分句不倒装 The issue is so serious that people should pay more attention to it. So serious is the issue that people should pay more attention to it . 山姆不仅通过了考试，而且所有的课程都取得了好成绩 (3) not only..but also 不仅..而且 Not only 位于句首时部分倒装，前一个分句倒装，后一个分句不倒装 Sam not only passed the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken. Not only did sam pass the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken. 山姆不仅通过了考试，而且所有的课程都取得了好成绩 4. 虚拟语气的倒装（具体可以参考之前发布的虚拟语气那篇文章） If I were you.I would do it at once. → Were I you，I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做 (与现在事实相反) If it had not been for a bad weather. we would have arrived on time.→ Had it not been for the bad weather. we would have arrived on time. （与过去事实相反） 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 If the earth were to stop running.what would happen? →Were to the earth stop running.what would happen? 如果有天地球停止转动了，将会怎样？（与未来事实相反） 5. 让步状语从句（as/though尽管）的倒装 将句子中表语、部分谓语动词或副词提前，构成倒装句 As he is crazy about online games .ha manages to keep himself from being addited to it. Crazy as he is about online games .ha manages to keep himself from being addited to it. 尽管他对网络游戏很着迷，但他还是设法不让自己沉迷其中(表语) As he works hard.he make a little progress. Hard as he works ,he make a little progress. 尽管他工作很努力，但还是收效甚微（副词） Though you may object，i’ll go. Object though you may，i’ll go. 尽管你可能反对，我也会（谓语动词） |
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