hello,大家好,我是易图记的loridic。前几篇文章我们讲解了识句造句的“图纸”:语法框架、框架中的5大基本句型、总句型和句型变化。也讲解了组成句子的“施工零件”:名词短语、动词短语和非谓语动词短语。这篇文章我们讲讲动词短语的变化之一:虚拟语气。 什么是虚拟语气? 虚拟语气是与事实相反的或者发生的可能性很小的一种语气。包括:纯假设、请求、命令或要求或建议、愿望。 虚拟语气句型有啥变化? 条件句和主句的动词短语时态有变化。 基本变化是:时态形式一般要往过去时间对应地移动一步。 具体如下: 1、条件句和主句时间一致 比如: If I were you,I would go. 如果我是你,我就会去。【与现在事实相反】 If she had known it, she would not have made the mistake. 如果她早知道这事,她就不会犯这错误了的。【与过去事实相反】 If it should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go out. 要是明天下雨,我就不出去了。【与将来事实相反】 2、条件句和主句时间不一致 If you had worked hard then, you would be a college student now. 如果你那时下了功夫,现在你就是大学生了。 前面是过去完成时,后面根据句意是与现在事实相反的虚拟用法。 3、其它词组表示虚拟语气 也可以不用if条件句,而用其它词组表示虚拟语气。 You wouldn't have succeeded without their support. 没有他们的支持,你不会成功。 The kid spoke as if he were a grown-up.那孩子说话真像个大人一样。 4、if的省略 虚拟语气的if从句中,若有过去完成时助动词had、或表“万一”的助动词should或是were出现时,可将这些词类置于主语前,而将if省略。 Had he done it, he would have felt sorry. 如果他当时做了这件事,他会后悔的。 Were I you, I would accept the offer. 如果我是你,我就会接受那个报价。 Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go there. 万一明天下雨,我就不会去那里。 总结:虚拟语气通过时态退位来表示,属于动词短语的变化。对于含were、had和should(万一)的倒装,属于句型变化。大家可以在熟读例句并理解的基础上来学习,效果更好。 |
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