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语法是英语学习中的难点与重点,在高中阶段的英语学习中,有一些语法点经常考,学生们经常错,原因就在于掌握的似是而非,要想帮助学生彻底理清这些易错语法点,还需要老师们仔细总结。 今天我们为教师和学生整理了高考英语语法易错点,教师帮助语法薄弱的学生理清这些易错点,能解决英语学习80%的问题。 一 定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有that、which、who(宾格whom)、所有格whose和关系副词 where、when、why等。
【举例】I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. 表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where 或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。 【举例】①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语) ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语) 另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。 【举例】①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party. ②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 二 名词性从句中的易错点 1.that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词。 【举例】fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。 2.名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1.名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。 【举例】It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主语) We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式宾语) 2.谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 3.动词take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的宾语从句,往往在从句前加形式宾语it。 【举例】I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 4.短语动词answer for, count on, depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it。 She’ll see to it that he goes ahead. 注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it。 三 代词it,one,that的区别 one泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones前一般要有定语,否则就要用some。 that(those复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于the+名词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。It指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可表示时间、距离、天气,还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主语,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get it, catch it, make it。 【举例】 ① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丢了只表,我想我必须再买一只。(代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个) ② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了,你见了吗?(代指上文提到的同一事物) ③ The land of China is larger than that of America. ④ Tom has a red pen and a blue one. (或two blue ones) ⑤ He has no child, and he wants to adopt one. (或 some) 四 反意疑问句中的易错点 1.在一般疑问句中,无论肯定的问或是否定的问,如果回答为肯定则用yes,反之则用no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗示的意义。 ① —Are you a new comer? —Yes, I came here only yesterday. ② —Isn’t Tom a good student? —Yes, he is excellent. ③—Don’t you think the composition good? —No, It can’t be any worse.
1)I must leave now, mustn’t I ? 2)He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?(表推测) 3)He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? (表现在的结果) He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? (表过去) |
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来自: 花好月圆sb3rxi > 《高中英语》