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1.节点规划 1.1 mysql数据节点： db169 db172 db173 三个节点为xtradb cluster节点。 1.2 keepalived节点： db162 db163 虚拟ip为192.168.1.201 haproxy节点（仅为了对比lvs的性能才安装的）：db169（部署在xtradb cluster的一个节点上） 1.3 atlas节点：和xtradb cluster节点部署在一起，也为三个节点 注意：atlas和mysql要部署在一个节点上，如果不在一个节点上则不能用lvs dr模式负载均衡 1.4 客户端测试节点：db55 ip地址为192.168.1.* ,节点名为db+ip地址末位 2.安装lvs及keepavlied（db162、db163上） 2.1安装依赖包 yum -y install kernel-devel make gcc openssl-devel libnl* 下载并连接linux kernel文件，注意版本要一致（uname -a） [root@db163 ~]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux 安装keepalived、lvs [root@db162 ~]# yum install ipvsadm [root@db162 ~]# yum install keepalived [root@db163 ~]# yum install ipvsadm [root@db163 ~]# yum install keepalived 2.2.配置keepavlied，注意lvs不需要单独配置，在keepalived里配置就行了 [root@db162 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id MySQL_LB1 } vrrp_sync_group VSG { group { MySQL_Loadblancing } } vrrp_instance MySQL_Loadblancing { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.201 } } virtual_server 192.168.1.201 1234 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR # nat_mask 255.255.255.0 #persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.1.169 1234 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 1234 } } real_server 192.168.1.172 1234 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 1234 } } real_server 192.168.1.173 1234 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 1234 } } } 备机上的keepalived配置 [root@db163 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id MySQL_LB2 } vrrp_sync_group VSG { group { MySQL_Loadblancing } } vrrp_instance MySQL_Loadblancing { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.201 } } virtual_server 192.168.1.201 1234 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR # nat_mask 255.255.255.0 #persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.1.169 1234 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 1234 } } real_server 192.168.1.172 1234 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 1234 } } real_server 192.168.1.173 1234 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 1234 } } } 3.realserver（数据节点）上的配置 分别在三个数据节点db169、db172、db173上安装如下脚本： [root@db172 ~]# cat /etc/init.d/lvsdr.sh #!/bin/bash VIP=192.168.1.201 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions case '$1' in start) /sbin/ifconfig lo down /sbin/ifconfig lo up echo '1' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo '2' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo '1' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo '2' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce /sbin/sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1 /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0 echo 'LVS-DR real server starts successfully.\n' ;; stop) /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down /sbin/route del $VIP >/dev/null 2>&1 echo '0' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo '0' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo '0' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo '0' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce echo 'LVS-DR real server stopped.' ;; status) isLoOn=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep '$VIP'` isRoOn=`/bin/netstat -rn | grep '$VIP'` if [ '$isLoOn' == '' -a '$isRoOn' == '' ]; then echo 'LVS-DR real server has to run yet.' else echo 'LVS-DR real server is running.' fi exit 3 ;; *) echo 'Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}' exit 1 esac exit 0 增加x权限：chmod +x /etc/init.d/lvsdr.sh 增加开机自启动：echo '/etc/init.d/lvsdr.sh start' >> /etc/rc.local 4.分别在三个数据节点db169、db172、db173上安装atlas 下载atlas，并yum安装 yum install -y Atlas-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 配置atlas [root@db172 ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf [mysql-proxy] #带#号的为非必需的配置项目 #管理接口的用户名 admin-username = admin #管理接口的密码 admin-password = 123456 #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.1.173:3306 #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.1.169:3306@1,192.168.1.172:3306@1 #用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！ pwds = usr_test:/iZxz+0GRoA=, usr_test2:/iZxz+0GRoA= ,root:/iZxz+0GRoA= #设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true daemon = true #设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true keepalive = true #工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置 event-threads = 10 #日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别 log-level = message #日志存放的路径 log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log #SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF #sql-log = OFF #实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分 #instance = test #Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口 proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234 #Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口 admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345 #分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项 #tables = person.mt.id.3 #默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句 #charset = utf8 #允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连接 #client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1 #Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置 #lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1 5.启动数据节点(分别在三个数据节点上db169、db172、db173) 5.1 启动mysql数据库 5.2 启动atlas : /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start 5.3 启动lvs脚本： /etc/init/lvsdr.sh start 6.启动keepalived（db162、db163上） /etc/init.d/keepalived start 7.验证： 启动keepalived后，主节点为db162，查看vip是不是启动了： [root@db162 ~]# ip ad 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:1d:7d:a8:40:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.162/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.1.201/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::21d:7dff:fea8:40d9/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 验证此节点没有1234端口监听： [root@db162 ~]# netstat -anp|grep 1234 此处无输出 在192.168.1.55（db55）上连接192.168.1.201（注意此节点没有1234端口在监听，发来的连接会被路由到真正的数据节点） [root@db55 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.1.201 -P1234 -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1871354501 Server version: 5.0.81-log Percona XtraDB Cluster binary (GPL) 5.6.19-25.6, Revision 824, wsrep_25.6.r4111 Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dd | | mcldb | | mysql | | mysqlslap | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) 数据是正确的 8.监控lvs 使用sysbench压力测试，然后监控线程分布： [root@topdb soft]# sysbench --test=oltp --num-threads=100 --max-requests=100000 --oltp-table-size=1000000 --oltp-test-mode=nontrx --db-driver=mysql --mysql-db=dd --mysql-host=192.168.1.201 --mysql-port=1234 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 --oltp-nontrx-mode=select --oltp-read-only=on --db-ps-mode=disable run sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 100 Doing OLTP test. Running non-transactional test Doing read-only test Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases) Using 'BEGIN' for starting transactions Using auto_inc on the id column Maximum number of requests for OLTP test is limited to 100000 Threads started! Done. OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 100033 write: 0 other: 0 total: 100033 transactions: 100033 (13416.81 per sec.) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.) read/write requests: 100033 (13416.81 per sec.) other operations: 0 (0.00 per sec.) Test execution summary: total time: 7.4558s total number of events: 100033 total time taken by event execution: 744.5136 per-request statistics: min: 0.71ms avg: 7.44ms max: 407.23ms approx. 95 percentile: 28.56ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 1000.3300/831.91 execution time (avg/stddev): 7.4451/0.00 [root@db162 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 192.168.1.201:1234 rr -> 192.168.1.169:1234 Route 3 0 33 -> 192.168.1.172:1234 Route 3 0 34 -> 192.168.1.173:1234 Route 3 0 34 可以看出负载均衡在了三个节点。 另外可以自己关机测试下keepalived的故障转移。 注意点： 1.atlas和mysql数据节点要放在一台机器上，如果atlas在别处搭建，则lvs会无法使用。 2.keepavlied最好和数据节点不在同一台机器上，否则可能会有问题。 3.最好有真机测试，虚拟机上之前一直没捣鼓好。 4.keepalived配置最好根据示例文件修改，如果有空格、tab键不规范，可能造成无法争取读取配置，并且不给出错误提示。
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