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1: I felt very nervous when I went into his office. 联系动词(用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。) 一、表状态：be(是)；feel(感觉；摸上去像)；seem(好像/似乎)；keep(保持)；stay(保持；仍然) 二、表感观：look(看起来)；smell(闻起来)；sound(听起来)；taste(品尝起来) 三、表变化：get(变得)；turn(转变为)；become(变成)；grow(渐渐变得)；go(变为) 【联系动词口诀】一是一觉两保持，起来四个好像 变了五个。 e.g. ①The picture looks beautiful. ②The idea sounds great. ③The candy tastes sweet. ①( )Chinese silk smooth. A. feels B. is felt C. feeling D. to feel ②( )※The buyer felt the silk ________. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. care ③( )The soup _______ delicious. A. is tasted B. is tasting C. tastes D. to taste ④( )Her hair’s grey. A. go B. to go C. goes D. going ⑤( )The days are getting . A. long and long B. be long C. longer and longer D. to long 2: He did not look up from his desk when I entered. look up 向上看；查寻/查找。 ( )He and saw a bird in the tree. A. looks up B. looked up C. looked at D. looked for ‚( )You can look up . A. the word in the dictionary B. the dictionary the word C. the dictionary for the word D. the word of the dictionary 【含有look的常用短语】look 照料/照顾； look 寻找； look 期待/盼望； look 当心/留神； look 往外看; look 复习/翻阅/检查； look 仔细查看； ③I’m looking forward to (meet) you next Monday. ④I spent 2 hours (look) through the students’ homework. ⑤Would you mind (look) over my exercises? 你帮我把练习看一看好吗？ 3: After I had sat down, he said // that business was very bad. 这句是“间接引语”（后面语法详解） 4:He told me // that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. afford (to do) sth. （常用在can，could, be able to 之后，不用被动语态。） 1).担负得起(......费用/损失/后果等)；2).有足够的(钱/时间)做某事 ; 3).提供；给予。 ①Only the well-to-do(富裕阶级) (afford) these houses.只有富人买得起这些房子。 ②She can hardly afford (wait) for another hour.她几乎做不到再多等一小时了。 ③( )I I afford to lose my post. 我想我忍受不了失去这个职位。 A. think; can’t B. think; not C. don’t; can’t D. don’t think; can ④别墅之贵,非富户不敢问津。【注：afford作“买/花/经得起”解时,不用于被动结构。】 误：Cottages(别墅) are so expensive that can be afforded only by the very rich. 改正：Cottages are so expensive that . 5: I knew // that my turn had come. My turn has come.(书面语) = It’s . = I am .(口语) 6: ..., I said in a weak voice. 一、weak adj. (衰)弱的; (反义词： ); n.(名词): 弱点 n.懦夫weakling(贬)。 ①have a weakness for sweets or: = have a ②This is the only (弱点) in the machine. 这是这台机器的唯一缺点。 ③Don’t be (so; such; this) a weakling. 不要做这样的懦夫。 修饰声音低的形容词weak 或 ，（in a weak voice: 用微弱的声音） 【拓展】voice 指的是人好听的声音、嗓音；noise 指噪音；sound 包含所有的声音。 二、be weak in... 在......(方面)做得不好。（反义短语： 或 ） ④I am weak in (play) soccer. ⑤They’re strong in English but (不擅长)French. 他们擅长英语但不擅长法语。 Grammar： 直接引语变间接引语 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，一般要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号。 John said, "I’m going to London with my father." （引号内是直接引语） ‚John said // that he was going to London with his father. （宾语从句是间接引语） 间接引语的考点要素【1-4-3-3】： 1种语序： 语序; 4种引导词: ① ：(原句为“陈述句”)； ② ：(原句为“一般疑问句/选择疑问句/反意疑问句”); ③ ：(原句为“特殊疑问句”); ④ ：(原句为祈使句) 3种时态形式: ①主句是过去时，间接引语(从句)必须要用“含过去”的时态； ②主句虽然是过去时，但间接引语(从句指的是客观真理等)仍用一般现在时； ③主句是现在时，间接引语(从句)原来的时态不变。 3大变化人称(含指示代词)；‚动词；ƒ状语。 间接引语考点要素详解： 一、人称变化: 【顺口溜】“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，要按照主句中主语的人称变化： ①"My brother wants to go with me," she said. → She said that brother wanted to go with . “二随宾”是指从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称： ②He said to Kate, "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how sister was then. ③"How is your sister now? "he said (to me). → He asked (me) how sister was then. “第三人称不更新”是指从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化：④"Jack is a good worker." Mike said. →Mike said was a good worker. 二、如何变时态 如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1）一般现在时→一般过去时 （2）现在进行时→过去进行时 （3）一般将来时→过去将来时 （4）现在完成时→过去完成时 （5）一般过去时→过去完成时 （6）过去完成时→过去完成时(不变) ①"I have lost a pen," she said. → She said she a pen. ②"We hope so," she said. → She said they so. ③"He is going to see his friend," she said. → She said he going to see his friend. 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ㈠直接引语是客观真理。 ①"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, ”the teacher said. → The teacher said the earth around the sun and the moon around the earth. ㈡直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： ②“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack said. →Jack asked John where he when he met him in the street. ㈢直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变. ③"I was born on April 20, 1980." Xiao Wang said. → Xiao Wang said he born on April 20, 1980。 ㈣直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 ④"I get up at six every morning." he said. → He said he up at six every morning. ㈤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 ⑤"You had better come here today." Peter said. →Peter said I better go there that day. 三、如何变状语 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则：如： ㈠指示代词 this ---that these--- those ①"These books are mine," he said. → He said books . ㈡表示时间的词 1. now --- then 2. today--- that day 3. this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) 4. yesterday ----the day before 5. last week(month) --- the week(month) before 6. three days ago---three days before 7. next week--the next(/following)week 8. tomorrow--the next (/following)day ㈢表地点的词 here --there ㈣动词 bring – take；come –go; say - tell sb.或ask;/order ...... 四、如何变句型 ㈠直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 ②"Our bus will arrive in five minutes," she said. → She said their bus arrive in five minutes. ㈡直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句. ③"Can you swim, John?" he said. → He asked John he swim. ④"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. → My mother asked me I finished the homework. ⑤"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he said. → He asked me I to school by bus or by bike(/or not). ㈢直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 ⑥"When do they have their dinner?" she asked. → She asked they their dinner. ㈣直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth."句型 ⑦"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. → She told (ordered) the children any noise. ⑧"Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said . → She asked him her a cup of tea. ㈤直接引语若是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。” ⑨" Let’s go to the film," he said. → He to the film. 或: He suggested they to see the film. ㈥直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 ⑩"What a lovely day it is !"she said. → She said a lovely day it was .或She said it was a lovely day. 即时练： ( )1. The policeman asked the child ____ so that he could take him home. A. where did he live B. where he lived C. how he lived D. where he lives ( )2. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ______ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. were D. will be ( )3. She said she didn't take the dictionary, but I think she _____ . A. is B. was C. does D. did ( )4. My friend told me that there _____ a football game in our city. A. will be B. has C. would have D. would be ( )5. What did you say just now? I asked _____ the door. A. that I could open B. could I open C. how could I open D. how I could open ( )6. I said I _____ three languages. A. could say B. could speak C. can say D. could talk ( )7. Tina told me she would _____ some stamps and envelopes ____ my house on Friday night. A. took, to B. carry, for C. bring, to D. get, to ( )8. The teacher told us that light _______ much faster than sound. A. will travel B. travelled C. travels D. was traveling ( )9. You must say to her, “I depend on you and him.” → You must tell her that ________ depend on _______ and ________. A.I; you; him B. she; you; me C. you; her; him D. you; me; him ( )10. I’ll tell him, “I have written to you and her twice.” → I’ll tell him that ________ have written to _______ and ______ twice. A. I; him; her B. you; him; her C. I; you; me D. you; me; her 句型转换： 1. She asked me ,“Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?”(宾语从句) She asked me I go to the cinema . 2. I am having a party for Lana. He said.(合并为一句) He said he a party for Lana. 3. The boy said he was from America.(对划线部分提问) the boy ? 改错，请找出错误并改正： 1. She asked me what was I doing at 8 o’clock yesterday morning. ( ) 2. She said that she would go this morning. ( ) 3. I am angry with you when you called me. ( ) 4. Tom said he is going to be a reporter in the future. ( ) 5. She told me that she wouldn’t play jokes on her friends some more. ( )
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