子宫畸形有很多种,双角子宫、双子宫、子宫纵隔等等,这样的先天性子宫畸形对女性最大的影响就是怀孕问题。像单角子宫就是其中的一种。单角子宫是由于一侧副中肾管不发育或发育不良所致,发生率占所有子宫畸形类型中的2.5%~13.2%,在未经选择的人群中的发生率为0.1%,在不孕妇女中(0.5%)或流产妇女中(0.5%)的发生率会有所增加[1]。单角子宫患者的卵巢发育通常不受影响,其自然受孕的概率与普通备孕人群没有显著差异[2],但是普遍认为单角子宫与流产、异位妊娠和产科不良结局有关[3]。在国内的文献中对于单角子宫IVF妊娠情况的研究几乎均为个案报道,我们也看一个国内的研究。所有患者使用GnRH激动剂降调方案或拮抗剂方案。3个及3个以上卵泡直径达到18 mm时用HCG扳机,扳机后38 h通过阴道B超引导下进行穿刺取卵。临床结果判断如下:
单角子宫组共纳入13例病例,年龄平均值33.7岁;正常对照组共39例病例,年龄平均值33.6岁。两组患者间年龄、BMI、不孕年限和基础性激素水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05)(表1)。 - 2 -促排卵情况比较与对照组相比,单角子宫组的扳机日内膜厚度、性激素水平(E2、T、LH、FSH)以及Gn用量均较低,而扳机日P水平较高,但均无统计学差异(P>0.05)(表2)。 - 3 -获卵及胚胎培养结果与对照组相比,单角子宫组的获卵数、成熟卵数、受精率(81.1% vs. 80.4%)更多或更高,而卵裂率(93.3% vs. 95.6%)、优胚率(7.7% vs. 14.4%)和囊胚数却更低,但均无统计学差异(P>0.05)(表3)。 - 4 -移植及临床结局单角子宫组共有9个周期进行了移植,每周期平均移植(1.78±0.44)枚胚胎,种植率为18.8%,3例(33.3%)临床妊娠并活产,无流产和多胎。对照组共35个周期进行了移植,每周期平均移植(1.94±0.34)枚胚胎,种植率为38.2%,21例(60.0%)临床妊娠,其中1例流产、2例胎儿均在孕16周时发现畸形并引产、2例胚胎停育,16例(45.7%)活产,包括13例(37.1%)单胎、3例(8.6%)双胎。单角子宫组的种植率、妊娠率、流产率、活产率、单胎活产率和多胎活产率均低于正常对照组,但均无统计学差异(P>0.05)(表4)。 有文献报道,与子宫正常的妇女相比,单角子宫的IVF-ET治疗结局效果较差,妊娠率和活产率均较低[3,11-14],但是在本研究中,单角子宫组的妊娠率和活产率虽均低于正常对照组(分别为33.3% vs. 60.0%、33.3% vs. 45.7%),但并无统计学差异。可能是本研究纳入的研究组病例太少,虽然采用了适合小样本量研究的个体匹配方法来匹配正常对照组,但还是无法避免偏倚。 [1] Chan YY,Jayaprakasan K,Zamora J,et al. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in unselected and high-risk populations:a systematic review[J]. Hum Reprod Update,2011,17:761-771. [2] Venetis CA,Papadopoulos SP,Campo R,et al. Clinical implications of congenital uterine anomalies:a meta-analysis of comparative studies[J/OL]. Reprod BioMed Online,2014,29:665-683. [3] Chen Y,Nisenblat V,Yang P,et al. Reproductive outcomes in women with unicornuate uterus undergoing in vitro fertilization:a nested case-control retrospective study[J].Reprod Biol Endocrinol,2018,16:64. [4] Brinsden PR. A textbook of in vitro fertilization and assisted reproduction[M]. New York:The Parthenon Publishing Group Inc,1999:1996. [5] Schoolcraft WB,Gardner DK,Lane M,et al. Blastocyst culture and transfer:analysis of results and parameters affecting outcome in two in vitro fertilization programs[J]. Fertil Steril,1999,72:604-609. [6] 王丹丹,杨清. 子宫畸形矫形术对生育能力和妊娠结局的影响[J]. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版),2015,8:354-357. [7] American Fertility Society.The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions,distal tubal occlusion,tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation,tubal pregnancies,Mullerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions[J]. Fertil Steril,1988,49:944-955. [8] Zhang Y,Zhao YY,Qiao J. Obstetric outcome of women with uterine anomalies in China[J]. Chin Med J,2010,123:4l8-422. [9] 刘奇志,高瑞花,曾志华,等. 不同类型子宫畸形及手术治疗对生育能力及妊娠结局的影响[J]. 生殖与避孕,2015,35:840-845. [10] 龙凤,张海英,莫似恩,等.子宫畸形合并不孕者行IVF/ICSI-ET治疗的结局分析[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志,2015,23:387-391. [11] Ozgur K,Bulut H,Berkkanoglu M,et al. Reproductive outcomes of IVF patients with unicornuate uteri[J/OL]. Reprod Biomed Online,2017,34:312-318. [12] Li X,Ouyang Y,Yi Y,et al. Pregnancy outcomes of women with a congenital unicornuate uterus after IVF-embryo transfer[J/OL]. Reprod Biomed Online,2017,35:583-591. [13] Jayaprakasan K,Chan YY,Sur S,et al. Prevalence of uterine anomalies and their impact on early pregnancy in women conceiving after assisted reproduction treatment[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,2011,37:727-732. [14] Liu J,Wu Y,Xu S,et al. Retrospective evaluation of pregnancy outcomes and clinical implications of 34 Han Chinese women with unicornuate uterus who received IVF-ET or ICSI-ET treatment[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol,2017,37:1020-1024. [15] Akar ME,Bayar D,Yildiz S,et al. Reproductive outcome of women with unicornuate uterus[J]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol,2005,45:148-150. [16] Heinonen PK,Kuismanen K,Ashorn R. Assisted reproduction in women with uterine anomalies[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2000,89:181-184. [17] Reichman D,Laufer MR,Robinson BK. Pregnancy outcomes in unicornuate uteri:a review[J]. Fertil Steril,2009,91:1886-1894. [18] Taylor E,Gomel V. The uterus and fertility[J]. Fertil Steril,2008,89:1-16. |
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