环境变量这个概念不陌生, 就是操作系统的环境变量。 Java 获取环境变量 Map map = System.getenv();
Iterator it = map.entrySet().iterator();
while(it.hasNext())
{
Entry entry = (Entry)it.next();
System.out.print(entry.getKey() '=');
System.out.println(entry.getValue());
}
如果是windows 系统, 打印出来的值通过从 “我的电脑” 里看到的环境变量是一样的。 Java 获取和设置系统变量 Properties properties = System.getProperties(); Iterator it = properties.entrySet().iterator(); while(it.hasNext()) { Entry entry = (Entry)it.next(); System.out.print(entry.getKey() '='); System.out.println(entry.getValue()); } 系统变量除了可以获取之外, 还可以通过System.setProperty(key, value) 的方式设置自己需要的系统变量。 默认情况下, java 设置了哪些系统变量:
补充 public static Properties getProperties() {
SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
}
return props;
}
在 单个Java application 测试时, System 里的SecurityManager 是空的。 如果给一个空的SecurityManager 会发现就会抛出权限异常。 public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager()); //SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager(); //System.out.println(sm); System.getSecurityManager().checkPropertiesAccess(); } System.getEnv()和System.getProperties()的区别
从概念上讲,系统属性 和环境变量 都是名称与值之间的映射。两种机制都能用来将用户定义的信息传递给 Java 进程。环境变量产生更多的全局效应,因为它们不仅对Java 子进程可见,而且对于定义它们的进程的所有子进程都是可见的。在不同的操作系统上,它们的语义有细微的差别,比如,不区分大小写。因为这些原因,环境变量更可能有意料不到的副作用。最好在可能的地方使用系统属性。环境变量应该在需要全局效应的时候使用,或者在外部系统接口要求使用环境变量时使用(比如 PATH)。 代码如下:
public static void main(String [] args)
{
Map m = System.getenv();
for ( Iterator it = m.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); )
{
String key = (String ) it.next();
String value = (String ) m.get(key);
System.out.println(key ':' value);
}
System.out.println( '--------------------------------------' );
Properties p = System.getProperties();
for ( Iterator it = p.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); )
{
String key = (String ) it.next();
String value = (String ) p.get(key);
System.out.println(key ':' value);
}
}
输入如下: ANT_HOME:D:/program/devel/ant PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE:x86 LOGONSERVER://RJ-WEIJIANJUN HOMEDRIVE:C: CATALINA_HOME:D:/program/server/Tomcat5.5 DXSDK_DIR:d:/Program Files/Microsoft DirectX SDK (August 2008)/ VS80COMNTOOLS:C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/Common7/Tools/ SESSIONNAME:Console HOMEPATH:/Documents and Settings/Administrator TMP:C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp windir:C:/WINDOWS PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER:x86 Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 13, GenuineIntel VS90COMNTOOLS:e:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/Common7/Tools/ SystemDrive:C: USERPROFILE:C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator PATHEXT:.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH CommonProgramFiles:C:/Program Files/Common Files NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS:2 ComSpec:C:/WINDOWS/system32/cmd.exe COMPUTERNAME:RJ-WEIJIANJUN OS:Windows_NT USERNAME:Administrator CLIENTNAME:Console TEMP:C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp USERDOMAIN:RJ-WEIJIANJUN ALLUSERSPROFILE:C:/Documents and Settings/All Users lib:C:/Program Files/SQLXML 4.0/bin/ PROCESSOR_LEVEL:6 SystemRoot:C:/WINDOWS ClusterLog:C:/WINDOWS/Cluster/cluster.log APPDATA:C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Application Data Path:C:/WINDOWS/system32;C:/WINDOWS;C:/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/80/Tools/Binn/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/DTS/Binn/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/Binn/VSShell/Common7/IDE/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/Common7/IDE/PrivateAssemblies/;D:/program/devel/flex_sdk2/bin;D:/program/devel/ant/bin;C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_07/bin;%JONAS_ROOT%/bin/nt;d:/program/devel/ant/bin JAVA_HOME:C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_07 FP_NO_HOST_CHECK:NO PROCESSOR_REVISION:0f0d ProgramFiles:C:/Program Files 以下是property的输出:
--------------------------------------
java.runtime.name:Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition
sun.boot.library.path:D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/bin
java.vm.version:1.5.0_11-b03
java.vm.vendor:Sun Microsystems Inc.
java.vendor.url:http://java./
path.separator:;
java.vm.name:Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM
file.encoding.pkg:sun.io
sun.java.launcher:SUN_STANDARD
user.country:CN
sun.os.patch.level:Service Pack 2
java.vm.specification.name:Java Virtual Machine Specification
user.dir:D:/dev/eclipse/mye65/workspace/jmx
java.runtime.version:1.5.0_11-b03
java.awt.graphicsenv:sun.awt.Win32GraphicsEnvironment
java.endorsed.dirs:D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/endorsed
os.arch:x86
java.io.tmpdir:C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/
line.separator:
java.vm.specification.vendor:Sun Microsystems Inc.
user.variant:
os.name:Windows 2003
sun.jnu.encoding:GBK
java.library.path:D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/bin;.;C:/WINDOWS/system32;C:/WINDOWS;C:/WINDOWS/system32;C:/WINDOWS;C:/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/80/Tools/Binn/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/DTS/Binn/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/Binn/VSShell/Common7/IDE/;C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/Common7/IDE/PrivateAssemblies/;D:/program/devel/flex_sdk2/bin;D:/program/devel/ant/bin;C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_07/bin;%JONAS_ROOT%/bin/nt;d:/program/devel/ant/bin
java.specification.name:Java Platform API Specification
java.class.version:49.0
sun.management.compiler:HotSpot Client Compiler
os.version:5.2
user.home:C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator
user.timezone:Asia/Shanghai
java.awt.printerjob:sun.awt.windows.WPrinterJob
file.encoding:GBK
java.specification.version:1.5
java.class.path:D:/dev/eclipse/mye65/workspace/jmx/bin;D:/program/lib/jmx/jmxtools.jar;D:/program/lib/log/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar;D:/program/lib/log/log4j-1.2.15.jar;D:/program/lib/registry/registry.jar
user.name:Administrator
java.vm.specification.version:1.0
java.home:D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre
sun.arch.data.model:32
user.language:zh
java.specification.vendor:Sun Microsystems Inc.
awt.toolkit:sun.awt.windows.WToolkit
java.vm.info:mixed mode
java.version:1.5.0_11
java.ext.dirs:D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/ext
sun.boot.class.path:D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/rt.jar;D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/i18n.jar;D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar;D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/jsse.jar;D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/jce.jar;D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/lib/charsets.jar;D:/Program Files/MyEclipse 6.5/jre/classes
java.vendor:Sun Microsystems Inc.
file.separator:/
java.vendor.url.bug:http://java./cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi
sun.io.unicode.encoding:UnicodeLittle
sun.cpu.endian:little
sun.desktop:windows
sun.cpu.isalist:pentium_pro mmx pentium_pro pentium mmx pentium i486 i386 i86
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来自: liang1234_ > 《系统环境》