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1、She must be at least thirty-five years old. 1). must be表示对现在情况有把握(肯定)的判断、猜测。【比较】表示否定的猜测： ①You have worked all day. You (一定是) tired. 你已经工作一整天，一定累了。 ②She (一定是) Tina. I’ve seen her picture. 她一定是蒂娜，我见过她的照片。 ③He’s just had lunch. He (不可能) hungry now. 他刚刚吃罢午饭，他现在一定不饿。 2）at (the) least至少。(= )；【比较】at (the) most至多(= ) little → less→ least； many / much → more → most ①A child must sleep at least 8 hours a day.小孩每天至少要睡八小时。 = A child must sleep 8 hours a day. ②There are at most 60 seats in the classroom. 教室里至多有60个座位。 = There are 60 seats in the classroom. 3）用英语表示年龄的常用方法 ①一般直接用基数词表示，如： Her daughter is (十四岁). ②用“基数词 + years old”表示。如： Her daughter is (十五岁). = Her daughter is years . [注：有时可将years old 换成years of age] ③用“at the age of +基数词”表示。如： Her daughter got married (二十八岁). ④用“基数词-year-old”表示，此结构常做(前置)定语。如： Her (十九岁的) daughter is now in the university. ⑤用“of /aged + 基数词”表示，此结构常做后置定语。如： Her daughter is now a pretty girl (十八岁的). ⑥用“ in one’s +几十的复数形式”表示某人大概的年龄。如： He went to the United States (五十多岁). 2、In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. 一. in spite of不管，尽管 二. appear on the stage as a young girl 在舞台上扮演年轻姑娘 = the of a young girl on the stage 三. as的含义 1)既然、由于(= ),引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。 ①As / Since you’re not feeling well, you may stay at home. ②As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him. 2)当…时候(at the time when ), 引导时间状语从句。 As I was leaving the house, the postman brought a letter.(as = ) 我正要离开房子时，邮递员带来一封信。 [注意]下列情况不能换用when和while A) 用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指"一边……,一边……"。如: ①The girl dances as she sings on the stage. ②He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. B)表示两个同步发展的动作或行为,译为"随着……"。如: ③As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. ④As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them. C)表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。如: ⑤I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. ⑥Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. D) 后接名词表示某一年龄段时,用as。如: ⑦As a young man, he was active in sports. 3) 作"像"、"按照……的方式"解(=in the way that),引导方式状语从句。 ①He speaks English as Americans do. ②Remember, you must do everything as I do. 4) 作介词"担任，作为"(=in the position of )。 ①As a League member, I’ll take the lead in everything. (状语) ②She works as a doctor. (状语) ③They have me as one of their own children.(引起宾语补足语) 3. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. 一、情态动词have to(口语中说成have got to), 表示客观需要做的事情，意为“必须；不得不”。 它和其他情态动词相比较，有很多不同之处，现在就将其用法要点小结如下： 1). have to同情态动词must 的区别。 have to和must都有“必须”的意思，有时可以互换。但是have to侧重于强调客观条件需要做的 事情。而must 侧重于表示说话人的主观看法，认为有义务，有必要去做某事。例如： ①It rained yesterday and we (必须) stay at home. ②We (必须) work/study hard. ③I (必须) get up early yesterday. (虽说是主观看法，但表示过去的情况不能用must。) 2). have to 有人称和数的变化，其他情态动词没有。例如： ①Mr Green (have to) work on the farm all day. ②I / He (can) swim in the river. 3). have to有多种时态的变化，而can, may等只有过去式等形式。例如： ①( )We will ask Li Lei instead. A. must B. can C. may D. have to ②( )I thought I smell something burning. A. can B. could C. may D. have to 4). have to不能直接用来否定或提问，需要助动词do / did / does等帮助。 而其他的情态动词一般都可以直接进行否定和提问。例如： ①( )What she do? A. has; to B. does; has to C. does; have to D. have; to ②( )You help her with her homework. A. don’t have to B. haven’t to C. mustn’t to D. don’t to ③( ) come in? A. Do I may B. May I C. Have I to D. May I to 5). have to可以被may 等情态动词修饰，其他动词之间不能互相修饰。例如： ①( )I think you may have to finish the work today. A. should must B. may must C. have to may D. may have to 二、take part in → join in 参加(某一种活动) 参加比赛/聚会 ; 参加一个剧的演出 [比较]: join：参加了某一团体或组织,如：参军 ； 入党 Come here and join (我们这个团体/队). attend：出席，如：参加/出席会议 Thank you for your (attend). 谢谢大家的出席。 4. ..., she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. 表“穿/戴着”的常用词：in，dress，have on，put on，wear，with 1).in(介词)后接衣服，也可接颜色，可作定语或和be连用作谓语。 ①The man (in; with; wears) blue is our teacher. 穿蓝衣服的那个人是我的老师。 2).dress作vi.“穿好衣服”，作vt.，表示动作或状态，宾语只能是“人”，表示“给某人穿衣服”。 ②She (wore; put on; dressed; in ) her son quickly. ③Mary is too young to (wear; put on; dress; in ) herself. 玛丽太小了自己穿不了衣服。 be dressed in表示某人穿着什么衣服 e.g. ④The nurses are all (wearing; put on; dressed) in white. 护士们都穿着白衣服。 注：He is well dressed. 他穿得很好（得体）。 3).have on(=be wearing)“穿着、戴着”(衣服、帽子、鞋)，表示状态，不能用进行时态。 ⑤The Emperor (一丝不挂) in the procession(游行). 4).put on“穿戴”表示动作，反义词为 。 ⑥It’s cold today. You’d better (穿上) more clothes. 今天天气冷，你最好多穿些衣服。 5).wear“穿着，戴着”表示穿戴的状态。也可以表示留发式、留胡须、戴手表、首饰等。 ⑦Many men (留) their hair short now. 现在很多男人留短发。 ⑧She shouldn’t wear a red dress. = She shouldn’t . = She shouldn’t a red dress. = She shouldn’t a red dress. 6).with表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用，不能接衣服。 ⑨The boy (in; with; wears) thick glasses is our monitor. 戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。 5. It must be terrible to be grown up! grow up： 短语“长大，成熟”的意思，指人或物长大的一种状态，多指过程； grown (up):是 短语“成熟的、成年的”之意，多指结果。a grown man 一个成年人 grown-up: 是一个 ，可做名词“成年人”或形容词“成熟的、成年的”之意； grow：生长，发育。 可以指人、动物或植物 ①( )He is . 他长大了。 A. grown up B. grow up C. grow D. grew ②( )Children quickly. 孩子们生长得快。 A. grown up B. grow up C. grow D. grew ③( )The grass has very high. 草长得很高。 A. grow B. grown C. grown up D. grown-up ④( )Tell children to tell a grown-up if they’re being bullied. 告诉孩子们，如果被人欺负就告诉大人。 A. grow up B. grown C. grown up D. grown-up ⑤What do you want to be when you are (长大)? 当你长大成人时，你想干什么？ = What do you want to be when you (长大)? ⑥Some people never (长大). 有些人永远长不大/不成熟。 【语法】：must，have to，have got to
1） must表示“必须” 【无人称和单复数变化；无现在分词；无过去式、过去分词】 a. 可用于肯、否、疑问句，否定形式mustn’t表示“ ”，“ ”等。 b. must一般只用于现在时和将来时，要在过去表示“必须”的意思用 。 c. must开头的一般疑问句，若否定回答，用 ，不用mustn’t。 ①Must I clean all the room？ No，you . 补充：must 和have to、have got to 区别 a. must：表达主观的看法，认为有义务或责任“应该”去做某事， have to和have got to 侧重于客观需要，有“不得不”、“被迫”之意。 ②( )Everyone keep the law. 人人都要守法。 A. must B. musts C. have to D. had to ③( )The last train has gone. We’ll walk home. 最后一班车已经开了，我们得走回家了。 A. must B. has to C. have to D. had to b. have to和have got to区别： have got to 比have to 更加口语化 当句子中有频度副词often，always，usually等时，一般用have to ，而非have got to。 ④( )I often get up at 5. 我经常5点就得起床。 A. must B. has to C. have got to D. have to 2）must 可以表示推测 must表示推测时，意为“准是”、“一定是”，表示较有把握的推测通常只用于肯定句。 若用于否定句或疑问句，则用can代替。 ⑤The light is on. Mary (一定) at home. She (不可能) out. |
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