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Lecture 1 What is Academic Style (跳转链接)

Lecture 2 Coherence & Cohesion in Academic/IELTS Writing 

托雅写作是最基础的学术性写作

rhetorical vs. grammatical aspects 

Coherence means the connection of ideas at the idea level, and cohesion means the connection of ideas at the sentence level. Basically, coherence refers to the “rhetorical” aspects of your writing, which include developing and supporting your argument (e.g. thesis statement development), synthesizing and integrating readings, organizing and clarifying ideas. The cohesion of writing focuses on the “grammatical” aspects of writing. 

Macro vs. Micro 

Cohesion relates to the micro  level of the text, in other words the words and sentences and how they cohere. Coherence, in contrast, relates to macrolevel features of a text which help it to stick together, such as topic sentences, thesis statement, the summary in the concluding paragraph (dealt with in the essay structure section), and other 'bigger' features including headings such as those used in reports

Concept map 
One of the practical tools that can help improve the coherence of your writing is to use a concept map. The concept map is also known as “reverse outline” since you make an outline of your paper after you have finished the main ideas of your paper. Write down the main idea of each paragraph—which is called a topic sentence—on a blank piece of paper. Check to see if the topic sentences are connected to the thesis statement of your paper or if you have strayed from your main argument. As you repeat this process, it will help you become more aware of how to develop your argument coherently and how to organize your ideas effectively. 

Chesive devices 
Cohesion is also a very important aspect of academic writing, because it immediately affects the tone of your writing. Good cohesion is achieved through the following three main methods:

1) repeated words/ideas (e.g. words/ideas in the thesis statement repeated in the topic sentences and summary)

2) reference words (e.g. The first advantage of this is..., Despite these advantages, there are also many disadvantages...)

3) transition signals (e.g. The first advantage of this is..., A second advantage is..., Despite these advantages, there are also many disadvantages...)

平台相关链接：最常用的transitional word有啥使用误区

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