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一个句子至少由两部分构成，即主语和谓语，它们是句子的主要成分。 那么，既然有主要成分，那么次要成分是什么呢？ 一般的，句子的次要成分包括宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、定语（前置定语及后置定语）、状语、补语、表语等其他成分。 1.主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁” 是动作的发出者，一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。 大多数主语都在句首。
There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house They were teachers. 他们曾是老师 . Time flies. 时光飞逝. It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. 2.谓语：是对主语的行为或者状态进行描述 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。 谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。 He is very generous. They were teachers. He enjoyssinging songs. We have finished the job. 3.宾语：表示动作的承受着，是动作、行为的对象， 由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面 He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. The Americans enjoyedliving in China. I believe that they can finish the work in time. 有时，会有双宾语: 如：We brought them some food. 如：He gaveme a book. 4.定语：是用来说明或修饰限制名词的成分， 分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。 形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。 The black bike is mine. This is red sun. 形容词red 作前置定语 They made some paperflowers.名词paper做前置定语 His work in the hospital is very hard.介词短语in the hospital 作定语. The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.句子作定语 定语后置的几种情况：
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me?
Do you know the boy behind the tree? The studentsin the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the leftis better than the one on the right.
What about somethingto drink? I have no timeto travel to Chinais in Autumn or in Spring
Can you see the village below? The people downstairs are listening to a talk now? They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once. 5.状语：是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。 表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。 修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。 He did it carefully.程度状语 They missed me very much.程度状语 Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.条件状语 In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.目的状语 When I was young, I could swim well.时间状语 区别状语与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分，定语修饰名词，且起说明、限制作用 6.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。 接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 You look younger than before. 形容词作表语 My father is a teacher. 名词作表语 Everyone is here. 副词作表语 They are at the theatre. 介词短语作表语 My job is to teach them English. 不定时作表语 Her job istraining the nurses. 动名词作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 通过上面的介绍，对英语中常见的句子成分是不是有进一步的了解？ 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the schoolbus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 如果你觉得有用，要关注我，把文章转给更多爱英语的人。 |
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