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未来建筑业十项新技术 09-03 建员之家 阅读用时：90秒 视频有无：无 理解难度： 专业性：★✩✩✩✩ （1星表示在专业角度容易理解，5星表示在专业角度很难理解） 相关度：★★★★✩ （1星表示内容与建筑行业相关度低，5星表示内容与建筑行业相关度高） 关键词：建筑新科技 建筑施工 建筑设计 摘要：近日国外Construction Global网站总结未来影响建筑行业的十项新技术，其中不乏我们现在已经开始尝试的可穿戴设备、3D打印建筑、VR技术、BIM应用等等。 01 自愈和混凝土技术 混凝土是一种复杂的建筑材料，它会随着龄期的增加而出现风化等现象，这会大大减弱混凝土的结构性能，最终甚至会导致结构体的失效。来自美国Binghamton大学和Rutgers大学的科研团队近日通过在混凝土拌制过程中添加一种真菌成分大大延长了混凝土的抗风化时间，目前这一成果只是在实验室得到证实，但是在不久的未来极有可能作为一种混凝土自愈合方法运用到实际工程中。 02 气凝胶绝缘材料 传统密封胶属于液态物质，而新的气凝胶是将液体物质分离，保留99%以上纯度的气态硅成分，这一技术现在有望运用到建筑行业。这一技术最大的进步就是其具有良好的节能性能，可以避免建筑物内热量或者冷气的流失，不仅如此这种物质可以反复使用，并且非常环保。 03 热感变色屋顶材料 尽管热感变色屋面砖在建筑行业不是什么新鲜事物，但是因为市场的需要，这种材料又换发新春。麻省理工的科研人员近日升级了这项技术，研发出热感相应更为环保的“智能款”热感变色屋面砖，这种复合面层材料在受热后颜色由黑变白。新的一天开始，太阳照常升起，可以想象黑色屋顶变为白色，80%的热量被反射，而神奇的是被吸收的20%太阳光保证了房间内的温度舒适，这大大降低了建筑物的用电量，可以说是节能又环保。 04 虚拟现实技术 虚拟现实技术现在已经不仅局限于创造它的游戏产业，从VR看房到VR评标，有太多建筑行业的场景在使用这种技术。不得不说VR技术让先期使用他们的开发商尝到了甜头，降本增效是首先的，最可观的是VR让他们把竞争对手甩到了身后。BIM技术与VR技术的结合就是其中的经典案例——从规划、设计、施工、运维，各个阶段各个专业各个层级的技术人员可以在同一个模型共享、运维建筑信息。 05 可穿戴技术 传统印象里建筑行业在新技术运用方面略显滞后，但是现在大量新技术运用到工地现场，很多高科技设备比如智能背心、智能头盔的运用大大提高了建筑行业的生产效率，其中Daqri公司的智能头盔将施工数据显示在头盔的下拉遮阳罩上。 06 3D打印技术 虽然3D打印技术尚处待完善阶段，但是已经被建筑行业一片叫好，该技术借助大型专业打印机打印零部件最终再拼接安装成完整的建筑物。旧金山的创业公司Apis Cor与俄罗斯的开发商PIK公司合作，用时24小时完全依靠3D打印机打印出了一座别墅。 07 砌砖机器人技术 机器人砌砖的速度是一名熟练砌砖工的六倍，这不是天方夜谭，纽约的一家科技公司开发的SAM砌砖机器人就完成了一天砌砖3000块的创举。当然SAM机器人除了“干活麻利”还想让工地变得更智慧——搬砖、摆砖、摸浆、放置，SAM绝对是一条龙作业，但是出于安全考虑现在SAM还得有人类“工友”照看，在一些犄角旮旯的特殊部位，人类“工友”能帮得上忙。 08 人工智能技术 人工智能就像概念本身的目标一样正在决定着未来人类工作模式的走向，而这一技术如果运用到建筑行业，能够大大提高作业的效率、安全性、自动化水平以及机器故障率。很多建筑公司也在寻找人工智能方面的程序以提高工作流效率，比如人工智能程序可以帮助建筑企业实时监控施工现场的大型机械设备的运行情况，一旦有机械故障或者停滞，智能系统会自动报警告知监控人员，这样大大提高了施工现场的安全性。 09 商业智能技术 其实好坏公司的差别就在于对于风险的预判和防范能力。而商业智能技术的运用可以让风险管理更加可靠，来自分包商、设计商、现场等数据被运用到商业智能系统中来综合预估风险情况，能够大大减少问题的出现。 10 物联网技术
物联网就是——借助传感器等方式建立现实设备之间的数据交互。这些数据被整理分析以帮助决策者做出判断。物联网技术被运用到很多场景，比如远程监控甚至操作设备、提供补给、建筑工具维保数据跟踪等等。在不久的未来物联网技术会影响我们建造建筑的方式方法——更加智慧的城市，这也会大大提高人类的生活质量和生活环境。 版权说明 文章来源：Construction Global网站 原文标题：Top 10 construction technology trends 原文作者：Steve Mansour 英文翻译：艾莫菲 Written by construction and building insurance specialist, CRL, here is a list of 10 future construction technology trends to be on the lookout for in the near future. 10 | Self-healing concrete Concrete is a fantastic building material, but it can deteriorate over time. As concrete ages and dries out, cracks form in the material and it grows weaker. Eventually, concrete with too many cracks will crumble and fall apart. Researchers from US universities, Binghamton and Rutgers, have found that embedding a certain fungus into the concrete during the manufacturing process can dramatically extend the lifespan of concrete structures. The research is still in its early stages, but someday the end result could be concrete that heals its own wounds. 9 | Aerogel insulation Although gel is traditionally thought of as a wet substance, aerogel is created by removing all liquid, leaving only a silica structure that is up to 99% air. The unusual properties of aerogels open the door to a new range of opportunities for their application in building. One of its main benefits is excellent insulating abilities, providing energy and cost savings due to the reduced loss of heated or conditioned indoor air. Above all, it is user-friendly, recyclable and reusable. 8 | Thermochromic roofs Whilst not an unknown material for construction, thermochromic tiles and roof panels have been thrust back into the spotlight due to the market demand for eco-buildings. Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have invented a smart roofing material that takes a new thermal-management approach to eco-design. Their Thermeleon material is a composite of layers that makes it thermochromic, meaning on exposure to heat it changes colour from black to white. The upshot is that when the sun is shining, a black roof tile covered in the material turns white, reflecting up to 80% of the sunlight and thus keeping the building beneath it cooler. The result? A 20% reduction in cost to keep the interior at a comfortable temperature in the summer, a figure which also comes with an eco-friendly drop in electricity supply demands. 7 | Virtual reality (VR) Virtual reality (VR) has finally made its way out of the gaming industry and into the real world. From 3D walk throughs to sell a property, to 3D VR modelling used to pitch architectural projects, there are numerous benefits to adopting this technology. In addition to the increased efficiencies and reduced costs, it can allow builders to stand out from the crowd when marketing their property to consumers and gain an edge on their competitors. One such VR process which is widely used in construction is building information modelling (BIM). Using this system not only provides a model, it also offers data management capabilities that can keep the project team on the same page at all stages of the build, from conception to construction documentation and maintenance. 6 | Wearable technology While the construction industry has been slower in the adoption of technology, it is now recognising the enormous benefits of implementing technology on the job site. Although relatively new, devices such as smart vests and helmets could transform the industry by boosting productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Daqri’s smart helmet, for example, connects people, data and machines with its pull-down smart visor. 5 | 3D printing While still in its infancy in the mainstream, 3D printing has been hailed as a technology with reams of potential. It relies on scaled-up printers that produce individual components, which are then used to put together a building. Most recently, San Francisco-based startup Apis Cor worked with Russian home-building company PIK Group, to create a house that was printed in less than 24 hours. The building is the closest anyone has come to 3D printing a fully-formed house. 4 | Bricklaying robots Robots that can lay six times as many bricks per day as human builders are set to turn the construction industry on its head. New York-based firm, Construction Robotics, has developed a robot called SAM (Semi-Automated Mason), which can lay 3,000 bricks a day – that’s significantly more than most human builders, who can lay an average of 500 bricks a day. The aim of the SAM robots is to help make the construction site work smarter, and while the device has the ability to pick up bricks, apply mortar and lay them, the robot needs to be heavily supervised. Workers still need to set up the robot, supervise health and safety and assist with laying bricks at difficult angles, as well as clear up. 3 | Machine learning The rise of machine learning technology is rapidly redefining the entire concept of how work will be performed in the near future. These technologies are allowing construction companies to operate more safely and efficiently, increase automation and reduce equipment downtime. Construction firms that are looking to streamline and advance their operations are increasingly turning to AI-powered solutions and programmes. For example, machine learning technologies are powering a new generation of programmes that allow companies to continuously monitor their heavy equipment on-site in real time. Should any component malfunction or break down, the system proactively alerts the operator, increasing on-site and worker safety. 2 | Predictive analytics Often, the difference between a successful company and a struggling one, lies in the ability to manage risk. The introduction of predictive analysis is about to make risk management much easier. The software analyses data from subcontractors, materials suppliers, design plans, and the site itself to examine risk factors and flag any potential dangers to avoid issues further down the line. 1 | Internet of things Put briefly, the internet of things (or IoT) is a network of physical devices that are embedded with sensors and network connectivity to allow those objects to connect and exchange data. The data received is collated and analysed to inform future decisions. In construction, the internet of things is being used in many ways, such as remote operation and monitoring, supply replenishment, construction tool tracking and in equipment servicing and repair. In the future, it could impact how we construct all buildings and infrastructure, leading to more efficient and responsive cities. This will also improve the environment, impacting everyone’s quality of life.
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