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由于消息太多，不能一一回复。但只要是小编看到的，演讲稿都会在本周或下周推送出来。 如果你们有喜欢的演讲，可免费订阅。只需在后台告诉我们演讲主题即可，欢迎关注我们，带你一起to be better！（今天这篇是粉丝订阅的哦） 建议想要提高听力的同学可以先听2-3遍音频后再读原文，最后看视频。 文 One of the most obvious but striking things about a modern education is that you go through it only once. you show up every day for a number of years, get filled up with knowledge and then, once you're twenty one or so, you stop and you begin the rest of your life. 现代教育最直观也最不同寻常的特点之一，就是你只经历它一。很多年来你每天都去上学，被知识充实，然后一旦一到21岁左右，你就停止了学习，开始你接下来的人生。 Before modern education took off, the mightiest educational systems in the world were religions, it was religion that taught us about ethics, purpose and the meaning of life. And one of the interesting aspects of their pedagogy was that they were obsessed with repetition. For them, it was absurd to imagine ever learning anything if you went through it only once. The whole basis of religious education rested upon Repetition. 在现代教育腾飞之前，全世界最强大的教育体系就是宗教。是宗教信仰教给我们伦理观和人生观。他们的教学方法中，有趣的点之一就是他们非常着迷于重复，对他们来说只学习一次就能掌握知识的想法是荒谬的。宗教教育的整个基础就建立在反复学习的方法上。 Five times a day, as a Muslim one was to rehearse the central tenets of Islam. Seven times a day, as a Christian benedictine monk, one was to revisit the lessons of scripture. As an orthodox Jew, three hundred days a year were marked out for commemoration and ritual repetition of ideas in the Torah, while as the a priest, one would be inducted to sit cross legged and meditated up to twelve times between daybreak and nightfall. 作为一个穆斯林，他们需要默述伊斯兰教的核心教义每天五次。作为一个基督教本笃会的修道士，他们需要复习圣经中的内容，每天7次。作为一个正统犹太教人，一年中有300天都会对托拉（犹太法律）进行纪念和仪式性回顾。作为一个禅师，则会被传授双腿盘坐进行冥想，这样的的冥想在黎明和日暮之间最多可进行12次。 Religion had what one might term a sieve view of the mind: that anything one pours in will quickly be lost in our perforated memories. By contrast, modern education adheres to an implicitly bucket-like theory of the mind. Once made to pour in the contents and by accidents, they’ll stay there pretty much across a whole life-time. that's why we will think nothing of earnestly declaring a book to be a favorite, and then deigning to read it only once. 宗教认为人的大脑就像一个筛子。任何放入其中的东西，都会在我们有空的记忆里很快消失掉。相反，现代教育坚持人的大脑像是向左桶装容器的含蓄理论，一旦把内容放进去，不经意间这些内容基本上会终身保留在记忆中，这就是为什么我们不会在乎郑重地声称一本书是我们的最爱，之后却只打算读一次这种事。 Far less naively and far more generously, religions prefer to imagine that anything you tell someone in the morning will, by two in the afternoon, be well on the way to evaporation and will be pretty much gone by nightfall. Repetition is the only way of ensuring that something will stick. Once you’ve finished reading a favorite holy text, the story of Moses for example, you just head straight back to the beginning and start again, with the bull rushes and baby infant. 宗教在此事上少了份天真，多了份慷慨，他更愿相信你在早上告诉别人的任何事情，在下午两点之前将会在记忆里慢慢开始蒸发，基本上夜幕降临之前就会彻底消失。重复是保持记忆的唯一方式。一旦你读完了一篇你最喜欢的宗教经典，比如摩西的故事。你就直接翻回到开头，以初生牛犊的冲劲和婴儿般的纯净又重新开始阅读。 We pay a heavy price for our lack of interest in rehearsing lessons and ideas. There are all kinds of things we badly need to keep in our minds: the better parts of our nature that speak to us of being patient, of remaining gentle, of striving for forgiveness, of pausing to appreciate, of training to understand what at first seems unbearably foreign. We've been taught these things once, of course. But it was a while ago now. Possibly when we were seven, and so, naturally, they're not at the front of our minds, as we career through our lives, smashing into things and people. 我们因为不喜欢重温经验与思想而付出过沉重的代价。有很多事情，我们亟需铭记在心。人性中高尚的部分，告诉我们要耐心，要保持温柔，要努力获得谅解，要停下脚步来欣赏，要竭力去理解一开始看起来非常陌生的事物。当然，我们都曾被教导过这些内容，但那距离现在已经有一段时间了，可能是我们七岁的时候，所以很自然的，当我们在生活中全速前进，与一些人和事才能冲突时，他们并不会时刻出现在脑海中。 There’s equal, and possibly far greater wisdom to be found in the secular as opposed to the religious sphere, but those who dispense this wisdom are far too hopeful about the functioning of our minds. they choose to tell us just one, possibly in quite a low voice, about all the things that matter. May be in a beautiful but very dense poem or in quite a slow moving novel, we once read fitfully over summer two decades ago. and then they expect us to keep all this in mind our whole life long and we’re surprised that the march of human craziness goes on unabated. 俗世中有着相对宗教领域而言，相同的甚至更大的智慧，但那些传授这些智慧的人太过相信我们大脑的工作了。他们选择只告诉我们一次，并可能是用微不足道的音量来讲述所有重要的事情，也许是在一首很美但很晦涩的诗中，又或者是在20年前，我们曾断断续续读了一个夏天的一本节奏很慢的小说里，然后他们期望我们能一辈子都记住这些内容。我们惊讶地发现，人类的疯狂一直在不曾衰减的持续着。 we should not abandon our almost precious insights to the lax guardians of our memories. we need to steal the idea of repetition from religions and create our own catechisms, our own midnight prayers, our own cycles of rehearsal knowledge, we need to make the most important ideas vivid in our minds on a constant basis, we should never be finished with school; we should daily be re-immersed in the great truths that we will die, but we must understand ourselves, that we must love, that others are sad rather than mean. 我们不应该牺牲我们最宝贵的洞察力，让之成为记忆的不严谨的卫士，我们应该从宗教那里借鉴这种反复学习的方法来创造我们自己的教义问答，我们自己的午夜祷文，我们自己重复学习知识的周期，我们需要持续地让最重要的是想法始终鲜活地存活于大脑中，我们永远不能停止学习，我们应该每天都重新沉浸在以下这些伟大地真知中，每个人都会死亡，我们必须了解自己。我们必须要爱别人，别人只是沮丧而不是刻薄。 Many of us are done with religion: but we shouldn't ever be done with what religions knew so well about our minds: that nothing stays active in them, unless we rehearse and repeat with every new dawn. We need to keep coming back- not least: here. 我们中很多人不相信宗教。但是我们不应该不相信宗教对于我们大脑的了解。没有东西能在记忆里永远鲜活，除非我们每个黎明都反复演练。我们需要不停地回顾，尤其是这里。 视频 |
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