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1、Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. 【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Todd Park said…。a local detective为Todd Park的同位语。the method has…为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句whose skeleton…Lake，修饰的是woman。 【译文】当地的侦探Todd Park说这个方法帮助他了解到关于一具在大盐湖附近发现的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。 2、He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. 【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He had a…résumé and gave…responses, but the fact…said untrustworthy…so she decided…。从句that he never looked her in the eye为the fact的同位语。and连接He的两个谓宾，but表转折，so则表结果。 【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美，并且对她的问题回答得不错，但是，他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”，因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。 3、When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. 【分析】本句为复合句，主句为we begin to realize…，从句为When引导的时间状语从句When we…etc.。主句中包括一个由that引导的宾语从句that some…values，作realize的宾语。从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句what we think，作challenge的宾语；而think后又带了一个省略引导词的宾语从句we have learned from…etc.。 【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。 4、The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 【结构分析】 Step one: 谓语动词was, is Step two: 连词and 1）本句没有从句，是由and连接的两个并列句，翻译时分开处理即可 2）前半句用用括号圈出所有的修饰语之后，只剩下主干The role was formulated 3）后半句主干为：the selective role is only beginning to be recognized and studied 【重点解读】 1）遇到非常长的句子可以用括号把介词短语等修饰语画出来，这样便于找出主干； 2）本句考查被动语态的翻译方法，尽量翻译为主动，但并不绝对。 【重点单词】 formulate： 制订，规划，构思，确切表达”，句中是被动结构，… was formulated应译为“……得到阐述，得到阐明”； shape原意为“做成某种形状”，这里引申为“塑造(个体行为)”； maintain“保持，维持”； recognize“认识，识别”。 【参考译文】自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时所起的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。 5、Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. 【参考译文】钢铁工人、航空公司雇员以及现在汽车企业的员工都正在加入上百万家庭的行列，这些家庭必须担忧利率、股票市场的波动以及退休金不够用的严峻现实。 【结构分析】 Step one：谓语动词are, must worry, may outlive Step two：从句引导词who, that 1)本句的主干是steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families 2)who引导的定语从句修饰先行词families，其中定语从句的谓语动词worry about带有三个宾语：interest rates、stock market fluctuation和the harsh reality， 3)句末that引导的同位语从句that they may outlive their retirement money作reality的同位语。outlive their retirement money是指“把退休金拿去投资，可能会投资失败，导致失去退休金，以后的日子退休金不够用”。 6、Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. 【参考译文】麦荷特先生认为正式语言并非不可或缺，也没有提出要进行彻底的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好事物而不是实用的东西的消逝而哀叹。 【结构分析】 Step one:谓语动词acknowledges, is, proposes, is Step two :从句引导词that Step three: 并列连词and,破折号连接两个句子 1）主句为Mr. McWhorter acknowledges…and proposes no radical education reforms，两个谓语的动作发出者均为Mr. McWhorter 2）That引导宾语从句 3）破折号对前面内容解释说明，注意，破折号后面可以是一个完整的句子，也可以是短语或从句。 【重点短语】 radical education reforms：彻底的教育改革 radical 表示彻底的。 7、Scott Hahn, co－founder（共同创立者） with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. 【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scott Hahn says…。high-quality sustainable…find为says的宾语。which引导的非限制性定语从句which uses all-organic cotton修饰的是Rogan and Loomstate。co－founder with Gregory为Scott Hahn的同位语。 【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。 8、Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. 【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Most designers…are finding…。there aren’t…used to为省略了that的宾语从句。that引导的定语从句that can just replace…修饰fabrics。what引导的两个宾语从句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的宾语。 【译文】他说，“大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。” 9、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 【译文】 对动物和人类的研究表明：性激素以某种方式影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。 【分析结构】 Step 1：谓语动词have shown, affect, do Step 2：从句引导词that, more… than 1)句子主干的宾语由从句构成，that引导 2)现在分词结构causing …conditions为伴随动作，表示宾语从句的结果。 3)分词结构中含有一个比较结构，发生了倒装，正常语序为：…produce more of the trigger chemicals than males do under the same conditions. 【难点补充】 比较结构的倒装：通常用于书面语，但是如果主语为代词，则不可以倒装，比如： We now know a lot more about the Universe than we did ten years ago. 10、Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 【参考译文】因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。 【结构分析】 1）句子主干：the anthropological concept of “culture,” is an abstract concept。 2）like...介词短语作插入语，翻译成“像……一样”； 3）which引导的定语从句修饰an abstract concept，定语从句较长，翻译时可以后置； 4）该从句中possible是形容词，作宾语补语，宾语immense amounts of concrete research and understanding，make sth possible=make possible sth表示让…成为可能。 【重点词汇】 anthropological：人类学的； set：集，集合； 11、1）As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. 2）This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. 【参考译文】结果，他们失去了经济困顿时期的“保护伞”——当家庭主要经济支柱失业或生病时还有候补者(通常是母亲)可以出去工作。“次要工作者效果”能够加强失业保险或伤残保险提供的安全保障，以帮助家庭渡过难关。 【结构分析】 第一句： Step one：谓语动词have lost, had, could go, got, fell Step two: 从句引导词who, if, they once had 前面省略了定语从句引导词That Step three：并列连词or 1)主句为they have lost the parachute，后面的定语从句修饰parachute. 2)a back-up earner (usually Mom)对前面的parachute解释说明 第二句 Step one：谓语动词could support 1)这是一个简单句，只有一个谓语动词，主干为：This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net 2)offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance为过去分词做后置定语，修饰前面名词safety net 12、Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassionate manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 【参考译文】社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 【结构分析】 Step one：谓语动词came, states, imprisons, can produce Step two: 连接词which, that, that 1）句子主干：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry。 2）其中which引导定语从句修饰intellectual enquiry； 3）在介词短语中又嵌套第二个定语从句that natural scientists use for...。 【翻译重点】定语从句 1）which引导的定语从句一直到句末，非常长，翻译时用重复指代的方法，放在所修饰名词的后面； 2）而that引导的定语从句较短且可以灵活处理，放在manner之前，直译就是“……以自然科学家研究自然现象的理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式……”，有点冗长生涩，不符合汉语习惯，故可活译为“……像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式……”。 【词汇】 enquiry： 请求帮助，询问，调查，在这里跟intellectual搭配，译为“知识探索”； endeavor：尽力，努力，在句中活译为“(社会科学研究人的)行为”； in the manner： 以……方式，用……方法； 13、Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. 【译文】如今，我们的周围充斥着唾手可得的幸福的承诺，我们需要艺术来告诉我们，正如宗教曾经告诉过我们的：记得你终将死亡，一切都会结束，幸福的到来不是因为否认这一点，而是对其加以忍受。 【结构分析】 Step one: 谓语动词need, did, remember, will die, ends, comes Step two: 从句引导词as, that, that, that Step three: 冒号连接两个完整的句子，此处相当于句号。 1）本句的主干是we need art to tell us Memento mori，其中Memento mori是直接宾语(间接宾语是us)， 2）插入从句as religion once did作状语，表示类比。 3）冒号之后三个并列的动宾结构 remember that…, that… and that…是对Memento mori的解释，说明其具体内容。 4）句首的过去分词结构 surrounded by promises of easy happiness作状语，而后面的注意Memento mori(请记住)的意思。 14、When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say “wrong number!＂ and move on. But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special . 参考译文：当我们大多数人在手机上收到陌生人的短信时，我们通常会说“对不起，打错电话了！“然后继续前进。但是当丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到一条显然不是给他的短信时，他做了一些特别的事情。 句子分析 整体分析：选句为两个句子，之间为转折关系。 1）句子1When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say “wrong number!＂ and move on整体为复合句。When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person为时间状语从句，其中 on our cell phone和 from an unknown person做从句的状语；we usually say “wrong number!＂ and move on为主句，同时又可以切分为we usually say “wrong number!＂和 and move on两部分，之间为并列关系。 2）句子2But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special 整体为复合句。when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him为时间状语从句，其中 that clearly wasn’t intended for him做从句中text的定语；he did something special为主句。 重点词汇 text message正文消息 cell phone手机 wrong number打电话拨错号码; 不适合; 不胜任; 不需要的人 move on离开; 继续前进; 对…采取行动; 出发 intended预期的; 有意的; 已订婚者; 打算(intend的过去式和过去分词); 意指 15、On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby. 参考译文：3月19日，丹尼斯收到一条群发短信，通知他有一对他不认识的夫妇正在医院等待婴儿的到来。 句式分析 整体分析：句子为复合句。 1）Dennis got a group text informing him 为主句，On March 19为状语。 2）a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital为从句，waiting for the arrival of a baby为状语。 重点词汇 group text短信 informing提供情报的，增长见闻的，鼓舞的; 告诉( inform的现在分词 ); 使了解; 预示; 使充满 a couple一对；一双；一对夫妇 know知道; 了解; 认识; 确信; 知情 arrival到来 16、＂Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,＂ Dennis responded. The baby was born and update texts were coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. 参考译文：“恭喜！但我想是有人弄错了，“丹尼斯回答。孩子出生了，更新的短信很快从欣喜若狂的祖母特蕾莎那里来了。 句式分析 整体分析：选句为两个句子。 1）句子1＂Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,＂ Dennis responded，由主句和引语两部分构成。 2）句子2The baby was born and update texts were coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa，可以切分为两部分The baby was born 和and update texts were coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa之间为并列关系。 重点词汇 Congratulations祝贺; 贺词; 祝词 mistaken弄错的; 错误的; 被误解的; 误解; 误会; 弄错(mistake的过去分词); 认不出 responded回答，回报，响应( respond的过去式和过去分词 ); 有反应; 有效果; 有影响 coming in进入，开始 overjoyed万分高兴的，欣喜若狂的; 使大喜( overjoy的过去式和过去分词 ) 17、Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? 参考译文：当涉及到孩子和他们的财产时，为什么我们经常认为越多越好？ 句式分析 整体分析：本句为主从复合句。 1）Why do we often assume that more is more 为主句。同时，又可以切分为 we often assume 和that more is more 两部分，前为主句，后为宾语从句。 2）when it comes to kids and their belongings为时间状语从句。 重点词汇 assume that假设 when it comes to当提到… belongings财物; 动产; 家眷; 亲属 18、The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. 参考译文：好消息是我可以帮助自己的孩子 比我更早的时候，如何用更少的钱更好地生活。 句式分析 整体分析：本句为主从复合句。 1）The good news is为主句。 2）that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less为表语从句。句中learn earlier than I did how to live more with less做状语。这一状语还可以切分。 重点词汇 own自己的事物; 自己人; 拥有; 承认; 自己的; 特有的 kids小孩( kid的名词复数 ); 年轻人; 小山羊 learn得知; 学会; 习得; 记住; 学习; 认识到; 获知 earlier早期的，初期的; 初期 live居住; 生存; 经历; 度过; 活着的; 精力充沛的; 现场直播的 less较小的; 较少的（little的比较级）; 较劣的; 较小地; 减 19、For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? 参考译文：几个星期以来，我一直在思考更大更深层的问题：我们如何使它成为他们的一种习惯？我们如何训练自己来帮助他们生活，使用更少满足所需？ 句式分析 选取三个句子，句子2和句子3相互为并列关系，同时都在解释说明句子1中的 questions. 1）句子1For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions，和句子2How do we make it a habit for them?为简单句。 2）句子3And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?虽然较长，仍为简单句，to help them live with, need, and use less和how为状语。 重点词汇 habit习惯，习性; 气质; 宗教服装; 给…穿衣服; 打扮 train火车; 行列; 一系列相关的事情; 拖裾; 训练; 培养; 教育; 修整 ourselves我们自己; “myself”的复数 live with与…一起生活; 与同居; 学会去适应; 接受并忍受 20、Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. 参考译文：你的导游将提供一堂关于树木和名胜古迹的历史课。 句式分析 整体分析：本句可以切分两部分，因为其为主从复合句。 1）主句为：Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments .句中有about the trees and the famous monuments为修饰部分，作lesson的定语。 2）从句where they blossom为定语从句。其先行词为 monuments，在从句做地点状语，所以用where引导。 重点词汇 guide指导; 引路; 操纵; 影响; 导游; 向导; 指导者; 有指导意义的事物。 monuments遗迹; 遗址; 丰碑; 纪念碑( monument的名词复数 )。 blossom花，群花; 开花时期，初期; 兴旺时期; 开花; 繁荣，兴旺; 长成。 provide提供，供给，供应；规定;提供(+for);装备;预备；抚养，赡养(+for);做准备;预约(for 或 against) |
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